diff --git a/cmd/erasure-server-pool-recovery_test.go b/cmd/erasure-server-pool-recovery_test.go
index d1f1fc6ca..8e58dee29 100644
--- a/cmd/erasure-server-pool-recovery_test.go
+++ b/cmd/erasure-server-pool-recovery_test.go
@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -83,3 +86,130 @@ func TestPoolsMinorityOverwriteRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// Read failures activated by a completed disk mutation verify that a recovery
+// ACK is not issued from preflight information alone.
+type recoveryReadFaultDisk struct {
+	StorageAPI
+	bucket, object string
+	fail           *atomic.Bool
+	afterRename    bool
+}
+
+func (d recoveryReadFaultDisk) ReadXL(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, data bool) (RawFileInfo, error) {
+	if bucket == d.bucket && object == d.object && d.fail.Load() {
+		return RawFileInfo{}, errDiskNotFound
+	}
+	return d.StorageAPI.ReadXL(ctx, bucket, object, data)
+}
+func (d recoveryReadFaultDisk) ReadVersion(ctx context.Context, orig, bucket, object, version string, opts ReadOptions) (FileInfo, error) {
+	if bucket == d.bucket && object == d.object && d.fail.Load() {
+		return FileInfo{}, errDiskNotFound
+	}
+	return d.StorageAPI.ReadVersion(ctx, orig, bucket, object, version, opts)
+}
+func (d recoveryReadFaultDisk) RenameData(ctx context.Context, sv, sp string, fi FileInfo, dv, dp string, opts RenameOptions) (RenameDataResp, error) {
+	res, err := d.StorageAPI.RenameData(ctx, sv, sp, fi, dv, dp, opts)
+	if err == nil && d.afterRename && dv == d.bucket && dp == d.object {
+		d.fail.Store(true)
+	}
+	return res, err
+}
+
+func TestPoolsRecoveryRefusesUnresolvedPools(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, mode := range []string{"two-inconsistent", "suspended", "rebalancing", "offline", "read-fails-after-commit"} {
+		t.Run(mode, func(t *testing.T) {
+			z, _ := consistencyPools(t)
+			const object = "refused-recovery"
+			bucket, router := conditionalPutBucket(t, z, "unversioned")
+			for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
+				restore := conditionalPutSwapDisks(pool, object, func(d StorageAPI) StorageAPI { return conditionalPutCapacityDisk{StorageAPI: d} })
+				defer restore()
+			}
+			base := time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour)
+			old := bytes.Repeat([]byte{'a'}, 8192)
+			pending := bytes.Repeat([]byte{'b'}, 8192)
+			replacement := bytes.Repeat([]byte{'c'}, 8192)
+			inconsistent := func(pool int) {
+				t.Helper()
+				putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, pool, string(old), ObjectOptions{MTime: base})
+				disks := z.serverPools[pool].getHashedSet(object).getDisks()
+				saved := make([][]byte, len(disks))
+				for i, d := range disks {
+					saved[i] = mustReadNullQuorumMeta(t, d, bucket, object)
+				}
+				putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, pool, string(pending), ObjectOptions{MTime: base.Add(time.Minute)})
+				for i := 0; i < len(disks)-1; i++ {
+					if err := disks[i].WriteAll(t.Context(), bucket, object+"/"+xlStorageFormatFile, saved[i]); err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			inconsistent(0)
+			putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, 1, string(old), ObjectOptions{MTime: base.Add(-time.Minute)})
+			if mode == "two-inconsistent" {
+				inconsistent(1)
+			}
+			// Select a healthy destination if the resolver incorrectly ignores pool0.
+			if mode != "read-fails-after-commit" {
+				restore := conditionalPutPool(t, z, object, 1)
+				defer restore()
+			}
+			if mode == "suspended" {
+				z.poolMetaMutex.Lock()
+				z.poolMeta.Pools[0].Decommission = &PoolDecommissionInfo{}
+				z.poolMetaMutex.Unlock()
+			}
+			if mode == "rebalancing" {
+				z.rebalMu.Lock()
+				z.rebalMeta = &rebalanceMeta{PoolStats: []*rebalanceStats{{Participating: true, Info: rebalanceInfo{Status: rebalStarted}}, {}}}
+				z.rebalMu.Unlock()
+			}
+			var fail atomic.Bool
+			if mode == "offline" || mode == "read-fails-after-commit" {
+				fail.Store(mode == "offline")
+				restore := conditionalPutSwapDisks(z.serverPools[0], object, func(d StorageAPI) StorageAPI {
+					return recoveryReadFaultDisk{StorageAPI: d, bucket: bucket, object: object, fail: &fail, afterRename: mode == "read-fails-after-commit"}
+				})
+				defer restore()
+			}
+			snapshot := func() [][32]byte {
+				var result [][32]byte
+				for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
+					for _, disk := range pool.getHashedSet(object).getDisks() {
+						b, err := disk.ReadAll(t.Context(), bucket, object+"/"+xlStorageFormatFile)
+						if err != nil {
+							t.Fatal(err)
+						}
+						result = append(result, sha256.Sum256(b))
+					}
+				}
+				return result
+			}
+			before := snapshot()
+			req, err := newTestSignedRequestV4(http.MethodPut, getGetObjectURL("", bucket, object), int64(len(replacement)), bytes.NewReader(replacement), globalActiveCred.AccessKey, globalActiveCred.SecretKey, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			result := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			router.ServeHTTP(result, req.WithContext(t.Context()))
+			if result.Code != http.StatusServiceUnavailable {
+				t.Errorf("unresolved recovery returned HTTP=%d: %s", result.Code, result.Body.String())
+			}
+			if mode != "read-fails-after-commit" {
+				after := snapshot()
+				for i := range before {
+					if before[i] != after[i] {
+						t.Errorf("refused preflight modified shard %d", i)
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				fail.Store(false)
+				got := consistencyRequest(t, router, http.MethodGet, bucket, object, "")
+				if got.Code != http.StatusOK || !bytes.Equal(got.Body.Bytes(), replacement) {
+					t.Errorf("read validation failure must not undo committed recovery: HTTP=%d", got.Code)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}