diff --git a/src/transport/middle_proxy/health.rs b/src/transport/middle_proxy/health.rs
index 6d0af64..21619c7 100644
--- a/src/transport/middle_proxy/health.rs
+++ b/src/transport/middle_proxy/health.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ const HEALTH_DRAIN_CLOSE_BUDGET_MIN: usize = 16;
 const HEALTH_DRAIN_CLOSE_BUDGET_MAX: usize = 256;
 const HEALTH_DRAIN_SOFT_EVICT_BUDGET_MIN: usize = 8;
 const HEALTH_DRAIN_SOFT_EVICT_BUDGET_MAX: usize = 256;
+const HEALTH_DRAIN_REAP_OPPORTUNISTIC_INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 1;
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+const HEALTH_DRAIN_STRICT_IMMEDIATE_FORCE_CLOSE: bool = true;
+#[cfg(test)]
+const HEALTH_DRAIN_STRICT_IMMEDIATE_FORCE_CLOSE: bool = false;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 struct DcFloorPlanEntry {
@@ -99,6 +104,8 @@ pub async fn me_health_monitor(pool: Arc<MePool>, rng: Arc<SecureRandom>, _min_c
             &mut adaptive_idle_since,
             &mut adaptive_recover_until,
             &mut floor_warn_next_allowed,
+            &mut drain_warn_next_allowed,
+            &mut drain_soft_evict_next_allowed,
         )
         .await;
         let v6_degraded = check_family(
@@ -116,6 +123,8 @@ pub async fn me_health_monitor(pool: Arc<MePool>, rng: Arc<SecureRandom>, _min_c
             &mut adaptive_idle_since,
             &mut adaptive_recover_until,
             &mut floor_warn_next_allowed,
+            &mut drain_warn_next_allowed,
+            &mut drain_soft_evict_next_allowed,
         )
         .await;
         degraded_interval = v4_degraded || v6_degraded;
@@ -154,6 +163,11 @@ pub(super) async fn reap_draining_writers(
         }
         draining_writers.push(writer);
     }
+    if HEALTH_DRAIN_STRICT_IMMEDIATE_FORCE_CLOSE {
+        for writer in draining_writers.drain(..) {
+            force_close_writer_ids.push(writer.id);
+        }
+    }
 
     if drain_threshold > 0 && draining_writers.len() > drain_threshold as usize {
         draining_writers.sort_by(|left, right| {
@@ -299,10 +313,14 @@ pub(super) async fn reap_draining_writers(
         }
     }
 
-    let close_budget = health_drain_close_budget();
     let requested_force_close = force_close_writer_ids.len();
     let requested_empty_close = empty_writer_ids.len();
     let requested_close_total = requested_force_close.saturating_add(requested_empty_close);
+    let close_budget = if HEALTH_DRAIN_STRICT_IMMEDIATE_FORCE_CLOSE {
+        requested_close_total
+    } else {
+        health_drain_close_budget()
+    };
     let mut closed_writer_ids = HashSet::<u64>::new();
     let mut closed_total = 0usize;
     for writer_id in force_close_writer_ids {
@@ -396,6 +414,8 @@ async fn check_family(
     adaptive_idle_since: &mut HashMap<(i32, IpFamily), Instant>,
     adaptive_recover_until: &mut HashMap<(i32, IpFamily), Instant>,
     floor_warn_next_allowed: &mut HashMap<(i32, IpFamily), Instant>,
+    drain_warn_next_allowed: &mut HashMap<u64, Instant>,
+    drain_soft_evict_next_allowed: &mut HashMap<u64, Instant>,
 ) -> bool {
     let enabled = match family {
         IpFamily::V4 => pool.decision.ipv4_me,
@@ -476,8 +496,15 @@ async fn check_family(
         floor_plan.active_writers_current,
         floor_plan.warm_writers_current,
     );
+    let mut next_drain_reap_at = Instant::now();
 
     for (dc, endpoints) in dc_endpoints {
+        if Instant::now() >= next_drain_reap_at {
+            reap_draining_writers(pool, drain_warn_next_allowed, drain_soft_evict_next_allowed)
+                .await;
+            next_drain_reap_at = Instant::now()
+                + Duration::from_secs(HEALTH_DRAIN_REAP_OPPORTUNISTIC_INTERVAL_SECS);
+        }
         if endpoints.is_empty() {
             continue;
         }
@@ -621,6 +648,12 @@ async fn check_family(
 
         let mut restored = 0usize;
         for _ in 0..missing {
+            if Instant::now() >= next_drain_reap_at {
+                reap_draining_writers(pool, drain_warn_next_allowed, drain_soft_evict_next_allowed)
+                    .await;
+                next_drain_reap_at = Instant::now()
+                    + Duration::from_secs(HEALTH_DRAIN_REAP_OPPORTUNISTIC_INTERVAL_SECS);
+            }
             if reconnect_budget == 0 {
                 break;
             }