Update Cargo.lock

TLS Full Certificate Budget Bookkeeping + Hot-path Cleanup and Timeout Invariants + IP-Tracker refactoring + Shard TLS Full-Cert Budget

Cargo.lock

@@ -2791,7 +2791,7 @@ checksum = "7b2093cf4c8eb1e67749a6762251bc9cd836b6fc171623bd0a9d324d37af2417"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "telemt"
-version = "3.4.8"
+version = "3.4.10"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
  "anyhow",

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "telemt"
-version = "3.4.8"
+version = "3.4.10"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [features]

README.md

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Monero (XMR) directly:
 8Bk4tZEYPQWSypeD2hrUXG2rKbAKF16GqEN942ZdAP5cFdSqW6h4DwkP5cJMAdszzuPeHeHZPTyjWWFwzeFdjuci3ktfMoB
 ```
 
-All donations go toward infrastructure, development, and research.
+All donations go toward infrastructure, development and research
 
 
 ![telemt_scheme](docs/assets/telemt.png)

src/api/config_store.rs

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ pub(super) async fn load_config_from_disk(config_path: &Path) -> Result<ProxyCon
         .map_err(|e| ApiFailure::internal(format!("failed to load config: {}", e)))
 }
 
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub(super) async fn save_config_to_disk(
     config_path: &Path,
     cfg: &ProxyConfig,
@@ -106,6 +107,12 @@ pub(super) async fn save_access_sections_to_disk(
         if applied.contains(section) {
             continue;
         }
+        if find_toml_table_bounds(&content, section.table_name()).is_none()
+            && access_section_is_empty(cfg, *section)
+        {
+            applied.push(*section);
+            continue;
+        }
         let rendered = render_access_section(cfg, *section)?;
         content = upsert_toml_table(&content, section.table_name(), &rendered);
         applied.push(*section);
@@ -183,6 +190,17 @@ fn render_access_section(cfg: &ProxyConfig, section: AccessSection) -> Result<St
     Ok(out)
 }
 
+fn access_section_is_empty(cfg: &ProxyConfig, section: AccessSection) -> bool {
+    match section {
+        AccessSection::Users => cfg.access.users.is_empty(),
+        AccessSection::UserAdTags => cfg.access.user_ad_tags.is_empty(),
+        AccessSection::UserMaxTcpConns => cfg.access.user_max_tcp_conns.is_empty(),
+        AccessSection::UserExpirations => cfg.access.user_expirations.is_empty(),
+        AccessSection::UserDataQuota => cfg.access.user_data_quota.is_empty(),
+        AccessSection::UserMaxUniqueIps => cfg.access.user_max_unique_ips.is_empty(),
+    }
+}
+
 fn serialize_table_body<T: Serialize>(value: &T) -> Result<String, ApiFailure> {
     toml::to_string(value)
         .map_err(|e| ApiFailure::internal(format!("failed to serialize access section: {}", e)))

src/api/model.rs

@@ -456,6 +456,13 @@ pub(super) struct UserLinks {
     pub(super) classic: Vec<String>,
     pub(super) secure: Vec<String>,
     pub(super) tls: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) tls_domains: Vec<TlsDomainLink>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+pub(super) struct TlsDomainLink {
+    pub(super) domain: String,
+    pub(super) link: String,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize)]

src/api/users.rs

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ use crate::stats::Stats;
 
 use super::ApiShared;
 use super::config_store::{
-    AccessSection, ensure_expected_revision, load_config_from_disk, save_access_sections_to_disk,
-    save_config_to_disk,
+    AccessSection, current_revision, ensure_expected_revision, load_config_from_disk,
+    save_access_sections_to_disk,
 };
 use super::model::{
     ApiFailure, CreateUserRequest, CreateUserResponse, PatchUserRequest, RotateSecretRequest,
-    UserInfo, UserLinks, is_valid_ad_tag, is_valid_user_secret, is_valid_username,
+    TlsDomainLink, UserInfo, UserLinks, is_valid_ad_tag, is_valid_user_secret, is_valid_username,
     parse_optional_expiration, parse_patch_expiration, random_user_secret,
 };
 use super::patch::Patch;
@@ -176,6 +176,13 @@ pub(super) async fn patch_user(
     expected_revision: Option<String>,
     shared: &ApiShared,
 ) -> Result<(UserInfo, String), ApiFailure> {
+    let touches_users = body.secret.is_some();
+    let touches_user_ad_tags = !matches!(&body.user_ad_tag, Patch::Unchanged);
+    let touches_user_max_tcp_conns = !matches!(&body.max_tcp_conns, Patch::Unchanged);
+    let touches_user_expirations = !matches!(&body.expiration_rfc3339, Patch::Unchanged);
+    let touches_user_data_quota = !matches!(&body.data_quota_bytes, Patch::Unchanged);
+    let touches_user_max_unique_ips = !matches!(&body.max_unique_ips, Patch::Unchanged);
+
     if let Some(secret) = body.secret.as_ref()
         && !is_valid_user_secret(secret)
     {
@@ -265,7 +272,31 @@ pub(super) async fn patch_user(
     cfg.validate()
         .map_err(|e| ApiFailure::bad_request(format!("config validation failed: {}", e)))?;
 
-    let revision = save_config_to_disk(&shared.config_path, &cfg).await?;
+    let mut touched_sections = Vec::new();
+    if touches_users {
+        touched_sections.push(AccessSection::Users);
+    }
+    if touches_user_ad_tags {
+        touched_sections.push(AccessSection::UserAdTags);
+    }
+    if touches_user_max_tcp_conns {
+        touched_sections.push(AccessSection::UserMaxTcpConns);
+    }
+    if touches_user_expirations {
+        touched_sections.push(AccessSection::UserExpirations);
+    }
+    if touches_user_data_quota {
+        touched_sections.push(AccessSection::UserDataQuota);
+    }
+    if touches_user_max_unique_ips {
+        touched_sections.push(AccessSection::UserMaxUniqueIps);
+    }
+
+    let revision = if touched_sections.is_empty() {
+        current_revision(&shared.config_path).await?
+    } else {
+        save_access_sections_to_disk(&shared.config_path, &cfg, &touched_sections).await?
+    };
     drop(_guard);
     match max_unique_ips_change {
         Some(Some(limit)) => shared.ip_tracker.set_user_limit(user, limit).await,
@@ -438,6 +469,7 @@ pub(super) async fn users_from_config(
                 classic: Vec::new(),
                 secure: Vec::new(),
                 tls: Vec::new(),
+                tls_domains: Vec::new(),
             });
         users.push(UserInfo {
             in_runtime: runtime_cfg
@@ -492,10 +524,12 @@ fn build_user_links(
         .public_port
         .unwrap_or(resolve_default_link_port(cfg));
     let tls_domains = resolve_tls_domains(cfg);
+    let extra_tls_domains = resolve_extra_tls_domains(cfg);
 
     let mut classic = Vec::new();
     let mut secure = Vec::new();
     let mut tls = Vec::new();
+    let mut tls_domain_links = Vec::new();
 
     for host in &hosts {
         if cfg.general.modes.classic {
@@ -518,6 +552,17 @@ fn build_user_links(
                     host, port, secret, domain_hex
                 ));
             }
+            for domain in &extra_tls_domains {
+                let domain_hex = hex::encode(domain);
+                let link = format!(
+                    "tg://proxy?server={}&port={}&secret=ee{}{}",
+                    host, port, secret, domain_hex
+                );
+                tls_domain_links.push(TlsDomainLink {
+                    domain: (*domain).to_string(),
+                    link,
+                });
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -525,6 +570,7 @@ fn build_user_links(
         classic,
         secure,
         tls,
+        tls_domains: tls_domain_links,
     }
 }
 
@@ -641,6 +687,19 @@ fn resolve_tls_domains(cfg: &ProxyConfig) -> Vec<&str> {
     domains
 }
 
+fn resolve_extra_tls_domains(cfg: &ProxyConfig) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut domains = Vec::with_capacity(cfg.censorship.tls_domains.len());
+    let primary = cfg.censorship.tls_domain.as_str();
+    for domain in &cfg.censorship.tls_domains {
+        let value = domain.as_str();
+        if value.is_empty() || value == primary || domains.contains(&value) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        domains.push(value);
+    }
+    domains
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -730,4 +789,80 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(alice.in_runtime);
         assert!(!bob.in_runtime);
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn users_from_config_returns_tls_link_for_each_tls_domain() {
+        let mut cfg = ProxyConfig::default();
+        cfg.access.users.insert(
+            "alice".to_string(),
+            "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef".to_string(),
+        );
+        cfg.general.modes.classic = false;
+        cfg.general.modes.secure = false;
+        cfg.general.modes.tls = true;
+        cfg.general.links.public_host = Some("proxy.example.net".to_string());
+        cfg.general.links.public_port = Some(443);
+        cfg.censorship.tls_domain = "front-a.example.com".to_string();
+        cfg.censorship.tls_domains = vec![
+            "front-b.example.com".to_string(),
+            "front-c.example.com".to_string(),
+            "front-b.example.com".to_string(),
+            "front-a.example.com".to_string(),
+        ];
+
+        let stats = Stats::new();
+        let tracker = UserIpTracker::new();
+        let users = users_from_config(&cfg, &stats, &tracker, None, None, None).await;
+        let alice = users
+            .iter()
+            .find(|entry| entry.username == "alice")
+            .expect("alice must be present");
+
+        assert_eq!(alice.links.tls.len(), 3);
+        assert!(
+            alice
+                .links
+                .tls
+                .iter()
+                .any(|link| link.ends_with(&hex::encode("front-a.example.com")))
+        );
+        assert!(
+            alice
+                .links
+                .tls
+                .iter()
+                .any(|link| link.ends_with(&hex::encode("front-b.example.com")))
+        );
+        assert!(
+            alice
+                .links
+                .tls
+                .iter()
+                .any(|link| link.ends_with(&hex::encode("front-c.example.com")))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(alice.links.tls_domains.len(), 2);
+        assert!(
+            alice
+                .links
+                .tls_domains
+                .iter()
+                .any(|entry| entry.domain == "front-b.example.com"
+                    && entry.link.ends_with(&hex::encode("front-b.example.com")))
+        );
+        assert!(
+            alice
+                .links
+                .tls_domains
+                .iter()
+                .any(|entry| entry.domain == "front-c.example.com"
+                    && entry.link.ends_with(&hex::encode("front-c.example.com")))
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !alice
+                .links
+                .tls_domains
+                .iter()
+                .any(|entry| entry.domain == "front-a.example.com")
+        );
+    }
 }

src/config/defaults.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub(crate) fn default_fake_cert_len() -> usize {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn default_tls_front_dir() -> String {
-    "/etc/telemt/tlsfront".to_string()
+    "tlsfront".to_string()
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn default_replay_check_len() -> usize {
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ pub(crate) fn default_beobachten_flush_secs() -> u64 {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn default_beobachten_file() -> String {
-    "/etc/telemt/beobachten.txt".to_string()
+    "beobachten.txt".to_string()
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn default_tls_new_session_tickets() -> u8 {

src/config/load.rs

@@ -1087,9 +1087,9 @@ impl ProxyConfig {
             ));
         }
 
-        if config.general.me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms > 5000 {
+        if !(1..=5000).contains(&config.general.me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms) {
             return Err(ProxyError::Config(
-                "general.me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms must be within [0, 5000]".to_string(),
+                "general.me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms must be within [1, 5000]".to_string(),
             ));
         }
 
@@ -2602,6 +2602,26 @@ mod tests {
         let _ = std::fs::remove_file(path);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms_zero_is_rejected() {
+        let toml = r#"
+            [general]
+            me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms = 0
+
+            [censorship]
+            tls_domain = "example.com"
+
+            [access.users]
+            user = "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+        "#;
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir();
+        let path = dir.join("telemt_me_route_blocking_send_timeout_zero_test.toml");
+        std::fs::write(&path, toml).unwrap();
+        let err = ProxyConfig::load(&path).unwrap_err().to_string();
+        assert!(err.contains("general.me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms must be within [1, 5000]"));
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(path);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn me_route_no_writer_mode_is_parsed() {
         let toml = r#"

src/config/types.rs

@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ pub struct GeneralConfig {
     pub me_route_hybrid_max_wait_ms: u64,
 
     /// Maximum wait in milliseconds for blocking ME writer channel send fallback.
-    /// `0` keeps legacy unbounded wait behavior.
+    /// Must be within [1, 5000].
     #[serde(default = "default_me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms")]
     pub me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms: u64,
 

src/ip_tracker.rs

@@ -9,14 +9,24 @@ use std::sync::Mutex;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-use tokio::sync::{Mutex as AsyncMutex, RwLock};
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex as AsyncMutex, RwLock, RwLockWriteGuard};
 
 use crate::config::UserMaxUniqueIpsMode;
 
+const CLEANUP_DRAIN_BATCH_LIMIT: usize = 1024;
+const MAX_ACTIVE_IP_ENTRIES: u64 = 131_072;
+const MAX_RECENT_IP_ENTRIES: u64 = 262_144;
+
+/// Tracks active and recent client IPs for per-user admission control.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct UserIpTracker {
     active_ips: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<IpAddr, usize>>>>,
     recent_ips: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, HashMap<IpAddr, Instant>>>>,
+    active_entry_count: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    recent_entry_count: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    active_cap_rejects: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    recent_cap_rejects: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    cleanup_deferred_releases: Arc<AtomicU64>,
     max_ips: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, usize>>>,
     default_max_ips: Arc<RwLock<usize>>,
     limit_mode: Arc<RwLock<UserMaxUniqueIpsMode>>,
@@ -26,13 +36,25 @@ pub struct UserIpTracker {
     cleanup_drain_lock: Arc<AsyncMutex<()>>,
 }
 
+/// Point-in-time memory counters for user/IP limiter state.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct UserIpTrackerMemoryStats {
+    /// Number of users with active IP state.
     pub active_users: usize,
+    /// Number of users with recent IP state.
     pub recent_users: usize,
+    /// Number of active `(user, ip)` entries.
     pub active_entries: usize,
+    /// Number of recent-window `(user, ip)` entries.
     pub recent_entries: usize,
+    /// Number of deferred disconnect cleanups waiting to be drained.
     pub cleanup_queue_len: usize,
+    /// Number of new connections rejected by the global active-entry cap.
+    pub active_cap_rejects: u64,
+    /// Number of new connections rejected by the global recent-entry cap.
+    pub recent_cap_rejects: u64,
+    /// Number of release cleanups deferred through the cleanup queue.
+    pub cleanup_deferred_releases: u64,
 }
 
 impl UserIpTracker {
@@ -40,6 +62,11 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
         Self {
             active_ips: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
             recent_ips: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
+            active_entry_count: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            recent_entry_count: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            active_cap_rejects: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            recent_cap_rejects: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            cleanup_deferred_releases: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
             max_ips: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
             default_max_ips: Arc::new(RwLock::new(0)),
             limit_mode: Arc::new(RwLock::new(UserMaxUniqueIpsMode::ActiveWindow)),
@@ -50,16 +77,59 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
         }
     }
 
+    fn decrement_counter(counter: &AtomicU64, amount: usize) {
+        if amount == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+        let amount = amount as u64;
+        let _ = counter.fetch_update(Ordering::AcqRel, Ordering::Relaxed, |current| {
+            Some(current.saturating_sub(amount))
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn apply_active_cleanup(
+        active_ips: &mut HashMap<String, HashMap<IpAddr, usize>>,
+        user: &str,
+        ip: IpAddr,
+        pending_count: usize,
+    ) -> usize {
+        if pending_count == 0 {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        let mut remove_user = false;
+        let mut removed_active_entries = 0usize;
+        if let Some(user_ips) = active_ips.get_mut(user) {
+            if let Some(count) = user_ips.get_mut(&ip) {
+                if *count > pending_count {
+                    *count -= pending_count;
+                } else if user_ips.remove(&ip).is_some() {
+                    removed_active_entries = 1;
+                }
+            }
+            remove_user = user_ips.is_empty();
+        }
+        if remove_user {
+            active_ips.remove(user);
+        }
+        removed_active_entries
+    }
+
+    /// Queues a deferred active IP cleanup for a later async drain.
     pub fn enqueue_cleanup(&self, user: String, ip: IpAddr) {
         match self.cleanup_queue.lock() {
             Ok(mut queue) => {
                 let count = queue.entry((user, ip)).or_insert(0);
                 *count = count.saturating_add(1);
+                self.cleanup_deferred_releases
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
             }
             Err(poisoned) => {
                 let mut queue = poisoned.into_inner();
                 let count = queue.entry((user.clone(), ip)).or_insert(0);
                 *count = count.saturating_add(1);
+                self.cleanup_deferred_releases
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                 self.cleanup_queue.clear_poison();
                 tracing::warn!(
                     "UserIpTracker cleanup_queue lock poisoned; recovered and enqueued IP cleanup for {} ({})",
@@ -86,16 +156,27 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
     }
 
     pub(crate) async fn drain_cleanup_queue(&self) {
-        // Serialize queue draining and active-IP mutation so check-and-add cannot
-        // observe stale active entries that are already queued for removal.
-        let _drain_guard = self.cleanup_drain_lock.lock().await;
+        let Ok(_drain_guard) = self.cleanup_drain_lock.try_lock() else {
+            return;
+        };
+
         let to_remove = {
             match self.cleanup_queue.lock() {
                 Ok(mut queue) => {
                     if queue.is_empty() {
                         return;
                     }
-                    std::mem::take(&mut *queue)
+                    let mut drained =
+                        HashMap::with_capacity(queue.len().min(CLEANUP_DRAIN_BATCH_LIMIT));
+                    for _ in 0..CLEANUP_DRAIN_BATCH_LIMIT {
+                        let Some(key) = queue.keys().next().cloned() else {
+                            break;
+                        };
+                        if let Some(count) = queue.remove(&key) {
+                            drained.insert(key, count);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    drained
                 }
                 Err(poisoned) => {
                     let mut queue = poisoned.into_inner();
@@ -103,31 +184,33 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
                         self.cleanup_queue.clear_poison();
                         return;
                     }
-                    let drained = std::mem::take(&mut *queue);
+                    let mut drained =
+                        HashMap::with_capacity(queue.len().min(CLEANUP_DRAIN_BATCH_LIMIT));
+                    for _ in 0..CLEANUP_DRAIN_BATCH_LIMIT {
+                        let Some(key) = queue.keys().next().cloned() else {
+                            break;
+                        };
+                        if let Some(count) = queue.remove(&key) {
+                            drained.insert(key, count);
+                        }
+                    }
                     self.cleanup_queue.clear_poison();
                     drained
                 }
             }
         };
+        if to_remove.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
 
         let mut active_ips = self.active_ips.write().await;
+        let mut removed_active_entries = 0usize;
         for ((user, ip), pending_count) in to_remove {
-            if pending_count == 0 {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if let Some(user_ips) = active_ips.get_mut(&user) {
-                if let Some(count) = user_ips.get_mut(&ip) {
-                    if *count > pending_count {
-                        *count -= pending_count;
-                    } else {
-                        user_ips.remove(&ip);
-                    }
-                }
-                if user_ips.is_empty() {
-                    active_ips.remove(&user);
-                }
-            }
+            removed_active_entries = removed_active_entries.saturating_add(
+                Self::apply_active_cleanup(&mut active_ips, &user, ip, pending_count),
+            );
         }
+        Self::decrement_counter(&self.active_entry_count, removed_active_entries);
     }
 
     fn now_epoch_secs() -> u64 {
@@ -137,6 +220,24 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
             .as_secs()
     }
 
+    async fn active_and_recent_write(
+        &self,
+    ) -> (
+        RwLockWriteGuard<'_, HashMap<String, HashMap<IpAddr, usize>>>,
+        RwLockWriteGuard<'_, HashMap<String, HashMap<IpAddr, Instant>>>,
+    ) {
+        loop {
+            let active_ips = self.active_ips.write().await;
+            match self.recent_ips.try_write() {
+                Ok(recent_ips) => return (active_ips, recent_ips),
+                Err(_) => {
+                    drop(active_ips);
+                    tokio::task::yield_now().await;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     async fn maybe_compact_empty_users(&self) {
         const COMPACT_INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 60;
         let now_epoch_secs = Self::now_epoch_secs();
@@ -157,14 +258,16 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
             return;
         }
 
-        let mut active_ips = self.active_ips.write().await;
-        let mut recent_ips = self.recent_ips.write().await;
         let window = *self.limit_window.read().await;
         let now = Instant::now();
+        let (mut active_ips, mut recent_ips) = self.active_and_recent_write().await;
 
+        let mut pruned_recent_entries = 0usize;
         for user_recent in recent_ips.values_mut() {
-            Self::prune_recent(user_recent, now, window);
+            pruned_recent_entries =
+                pruned_recent_entries.saturating_add(Self::prune_recent(user_recent, now, window));
         }
+        Self::decrement_counter(&self.recent_entry_count, pruned_recent_entries);
 
         let mut users =
             Vec::<String>::with_capacity(active_ips.len().saturating_add(recent_ips.len()));
@@ -208,6 +311,9 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
             active_entries,
             recent_entries,
             cleanup_queue_len,
+            active_cap_rejects: self.active_cap_rejects.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            recent_cap_rejects: self.recent_cap_rejects.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            cleanup_deferred_releases: self.cleanup_deferred_releases.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
         }
     }
 
@@ -238,11 +344,17 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
         max_ips.clone_from(limits);
     }
 
-    fn prune_recent(user_recent: &mut HashMap<IpAddr, Instant>, now: Instant, window: Duration) {
+    fn prune_recent(
+        user_recent: &mut HashMap<IpAddr, Instant>,
+        now: Instant,
+        window: Duration,
+    ) -> usize {
         if user_recent.is_empty() {
-            return;
+            return 0;
         }
+        let before = user_recent.len();
         user_recent.retain(|_, seen_at| now.duration_since(*seen_at) <= window);
+        before.saturating_sub(user_recent.len())
     }
 
     pub async fn check_and_add(&self, username: &str, ip: IpAddr) -> Result<(), String> {
@@ -261,26 +373,40 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
         let window = *self.limit_window.read().await;
         let now = Instant::now();
 
-        let mut active_ips = self.active_ips.write().await;
+        let (mut active_ips, mut recent_ips) = self.active_and_recent_write().await;
         let user_active = active_ips
             .entry(username.to_string())
             .or_insert_with(HashMap::new);
-
-        let mut recent_ips = self.recent_ips.write().await;
         let user_recent = recent_ips
             .entry(username.to_string())
             .or_insert_with(HashMap::new);
-        Self::prune_recent(user_recent, now, window);
+        let pruned_recent_entries = Self::prune_recent(user_recent, now, window);
+        Self::decrement_counter(&self.recent_entry_count, pruned_recent_entries);
+        let recent_contains_ip = user_recent.contains_key(&ip);
 
         if let Some(count) = user_active.get_mut(&ip) {
+            if !recent_contains_ip
+                && self.recent_entry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) >= MAX_RECENT_IP_ENTRIES
+            {
+                self.recent_cap_rejects.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "IP tracker recent entry cap reached: entries={}/{}",
+                    self.recent_entry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+                    MAX_RECENT_IP_ENTRIES
+                ));
+            }
             *count = count.saturating_add(1);
-            user_recent.insert(ip, now);
+            if user_recent.insert(ip, now).is_none() {
+                self.recent_entry_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
             return Ok(());
         }
 
+        let is_new_ip = !recent_contains_ip;
+
         if let Some(limit) = limit {
             let active_limit_reached = user_active.len() >= limit;
-            let recent_limit_reached = user_recent.len() >= limit;
+            let recent_limit_reached = user_recent.len() >= limit && is_new_ip;
             let deny = match mode {
                 UserMaxUniqueIpsMode::ActiveWindow => active_limit_reached,
                 UserMaxUniqueIpsMode::TimeWindow => recent_limit_reached,
@@ -300,30 +426,62 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
             }
         }
 
-        user_active.insert(ip, 1);
-        user_recent.insert(ip, now);
+        if self.active_entry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) >= MAX_ACTIVE_IP_ENTRIES {
+            self.active_cap_rejects.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            return Err(format!(
+                "IP tracker active entry cap reached: entries={}/{}",
+                self.active_entry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+                MAX_ACTIVE_IP_ENTRIES
+            ));
+        }
+        if is_new_ip && self.recent_entry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) >= MAX_RECENT_IP_ENTRIES {
+            self.recent_cap_rejects.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            return Err(format!(
+                "IP tracker recent entry cap reached: entries={}/{}",
+                self.recent_entry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+                MAX_RECENT_IP_ENTRIES
+            ));
+        }
+
+        if user_active.insert(ip, 1).is_none() {
+            self.active_entry_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+        if user_recent.insert(ip, now).is_none() {
+            self.recent_entry_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
     pub async fn remove_ip(&self, username: &str, ip: IpAddr) {
         self.maybe_compact_empty_users().await;
         let mut active_ips = self.active_ips.write().await;
+        let mut removed_active_entries = 0usize;
         if let Some(user_ips) = active_ips.get_mut(username) {
             if let Some(count) = user_ips.get_mut(&ip) {
                 if *count > 1 {
                     *count -= 1;
                 } else {
-                    user_ips.remove(&ip);
+                    if user_ips.remove(&ip).is_some() {
+                        removed_active_entries = 1;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             if user_ips.is_empty() {
                 active_ips.remove(username);
             }
         }
+        Self::decrement_counter(&self.active_entry_count, removed_active_entries);
     }
 
     pub async fn get_recent_counts_for_users(&self, users: &[String]) -> HashMap<String, usize> {
         self.drain_cleanup_queue().await;
+        self.get_recent_counts_for_users_snapshot(users).await
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn get_recent_counts_for_users_snapshot(
+        &self,
+        users: &[String],
+    ) -> HashMap<String, usize> {
         let window = *self.limit_window.read().await;
         let now = Instant::now();
         let recent_ips = self.recent_ips.read().await;
@@ -398,19 +556,29 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
 
     pub async fn get_stats(&self) -> Vec<(String, usize, usize)> {
         self.drain_cleanup_queue().await;
+        self.get_stats_snapshot().await
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) async fn get_stats_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<(String, usize, usize)> {
         let active_ips = self.active_ips.read().await;
+        let active_counts = active_ips
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(username, user_ips)| (username.clone(), user_ips.len()))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        drop(active_ips);
+
         let max_ips = self.max_ips.read().await;
         let default_max_ips = *self.default_max_ips.read().await;
 
-        let mut stats = Vec::new();
-        for (username, user_ips) in active_ips.iter() {
+        let mut stats = Vec::with_capacity(active_counts.len());
+        for (username, active_count) in active_counts {
             let limit = max_ips
-                .get(username)
+                .get(&username)
                 .copied()
                 .filter(|limit| *limit > 0)
                 .or((default_max_ips > 0).then_some(default_max_ips))
                 .unwrap_or(0);
-            stats.push((username.clone(), user_ips.len(), limit));
+            stats.push((username, active_count, limit));
         }
 
         stats.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
@@ -419,20 +587,30 @@ impl UserIpTracker {
 
     pub async fn clear_user_ips(&self, username: &str) {
         let mut active_ips = self.active_ips.write().await;
-        active_ips.remove(username);
+        let removed_active_entries = active_ips
+            .remove(username)
+            .map(|ips| ips.len())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
         drop(active_ips);
+        Self::decrement_counter(&self.active_entry_count, removed_active_entries);
 
         let mut recent_ips = self.recent_ips.write().await;
-        recent_ips.remove(username);
+        let removed_recent_entries = recent_ips
+            .remove(username)
+            .map(|ips| ips.len())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        Self::decrement_counter(&self.recent_entry_count, removed_recent_entries);
     }
 
     pub async fn clear_all(&self) {
         let mut active_ips = self.active_ips.write().await;
         active_ips.clear();
         drop(active_ips);
+        self.active_entry_count.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
 
         let mut recent_ips = self.recent_ips.write().await;
         recent_ips.clear();
+        self.recent_entry_count.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
     }
 
     pub async fn is_ip_active(&self, username: &str, ip: IpAddr) -> bool {
@@ -860,4 +1038,19 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap_or(false);
         assert!(!stale_exists);
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_time_window_allows_same_ip_reconnect() {
+        let tracker = UserIpTracker::new();
+        tracker.set_user_limit("test_user", 1).await;
+        tracker
+            .set_limit_policy(UserMaxUniqueIpsMode::TimeWindow, 1)
+            .await;
+
+        let ip1 = test_ipv4(10, 4, 0, 1);
+
+        assert!(tracker.check_and_add("test_user", ip1).await.is_ok());
+        tracker.remove_ip("test_user", ip1).await;
+        assert!(tracker.check_and_add("test_user", ip1).await.is_ok());
+    }
 }

src/maestro/helpers.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::items_after_test_module)]
 
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use tokio::sync::watch;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::transport::middle_proxy::{
 
 pub(crate) fn resolve_runtime_config_path(
     config_path_cli: &str,
-    startup_cwd: &std::path::Path,
+    startup_cwd: &Path,
     config_path_explicit: bool,
 ) -> PathBuf {
     if config_path_explicit {
@@ -46,6 +46,39 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_runtime_config_path(
     startup_cwd.join("config.toml")
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn resolve_runtime_base_dir(
+    config_path: &Path,
+    startup_cwd: &Path,
+    config_path_explicit: bool,
+    data_path: Option<&Path>,
+) -> PathBuf {
+    if let Some(path) = data_path {
+        return normalize_runtime_dir(path, startup_cwd);
+    }
+
+    if startup_cwd != Path::new("/") {
+        return normalize_runtime_dir(startup_cwd, startup_cwd);
+    }
+
+    if config_path_explicit
+        && let Some(parent) = config_path.parent()
+        && !parent.as_os_str().is_empty()
+    {
+        return normalize_runtime_dir(parent, startup_cwd);
+    }
+
+    PathBuf::from("/etc/telemt")
+}
+
+fn normalize_runtime_dir(path: &Path, startup_cwd: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    let absolute = if path.is_absolute() {
+        path.to_path_buf()
+    } else {
+        startup_cwd.join(path)
+    };
+    absolute.canonicalize().unwrap_or(absolute)
+}
+
 /// Parsed CLI arguments.
 pub(crate) struct CliArgs {
     pub config_path: String,
@@ -231,9 +264,11 @@ fn print_help() {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
     use super::{
         expected_handshake_close_description, is_expected_handshake_eof, peer_close_description,
-        resolve_runtime_config_path,
+        resolve_runtime_base_dir, resolve_runtime_config_path,
     };
     use crate::error::{ProxyError, StreamError};
 
@@ -304,6 +339,91 @@ mod tests {
         let _ = std::fs::remove_dir(&startup_cwd);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_runtime_base_dir_prefers_cli_data_path() {
+        let nonce = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_nanos();
+        let startup_cwd = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("telemt_runtime_base_cwd_{nonce}"));
+        let data_path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("telemt_runtime_base_data_{nonce}"));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&startup_cwd).unwrap();
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&data_path).unwrap();
+
+        let resolved = resolve_runtime_base_dir(
+            &startup_cwd.join("config.toml"),
+            &startup_cwd,
+            true,
+            Some(&data_path),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(resolved, data_path.canonicalize().unwrap());
+
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir(&data_path);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir(&startup_cwd);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_runtime_base_dir_uses_working_directory_before_explicit_config_parent() {
+        let nonce = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_nanos();
+        let startup_cwd = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("telemt_runtime_base_start_{nonce}"));
+        let config_dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("telemt_runtime_base_cfg_{nonce}"));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&startup_cwd).unwrap();
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&config_dir).unwrap();
+
+        let resolved =
+            resolve_runtime_base_dir(&config_dir.join("telemt.toml"), &startup_cwd, true, None);
+        assert_eq!(resolved, startup_cwd.canonicalize().unwrap());
+
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir(&config_dir);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir(&startup_cwd);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_runtime_base_dir_uses_explicit_config_parent_from_root() {
+        let nonce = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_nanos();
+        let config_dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("telemt_runtime_base_root_cfg_{nonce}"));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&config_dir).unwrap();
+
+        let resolved =
+            resolve_runtime_base_dir(&config_dir.join("telemt.toml"), Path::new("/"), true, None);
+        assert_eq!(resolved, config_dir.canonicalize().unwrap());
+
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir(&config_dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_runtime_base_dir_uses_systemd_working_directory_before_etc() {
+        let nonce = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_nanos();
+        let startup_cwd = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("telemt_runtime_base_systemd_{nonce}"));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&startup_cwd).unwrap();
+
+        let resolved =
+            resolve_runtime_base_dir(&startup_cwd.join("config.toml"), &startup_cwd, false, None);
+        assert_eq!(resolved, startup_cwd.canonicalize().unwrap());
+
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir(&startup_cwd);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_runtime_base_dir_falls_back_to_etc_from_root() {
+        let resolved = resolve_runtime_base_dir(
+            Path::new("/etc/telemt/config.toml"),
+            Path::new("/"),
+            false,
+            None,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(resolved, PathBuf::from("/etc/telemt"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn expected_handshake_eof_matches_connection_reset() {
         let err = ProxyError::Io(std::io::Error::from(std::io::ErrorKind::ConnectionReset));

src/maestro/mod.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ use crate::stats::{ReplayChecker, Stats};
 use crate::stream::BufferPool;
 use crate::transport::UpstreamManager;
 use crate::transport::middle_proxy::MePool;
-use helpers::{parse_cli, resolve_runtime_config_path};
+use helpers::{parse_cli, resolve_runtime_base_dir, resolve_runtime_config_path};
 
 #[cfg(unix)]
 use crate::daemon::{DaemonOptions, PidFile, drop_privileges};
@@ -112,8 +112,51 @@ async fn run_telemt_core(
             std::process::exit(1);
         }
     };
+    if let Some(ref data_path) = data_path
+        && !data_path.is_absolute()
+    {
+        eprintln!(
+            "[telemt] data_path must be absolute: {}",
+            data_path.display()
+        );
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
     let mut config_path =
         resolve_runtime_config_path(&config_path_cli, &startup_cwd, config_path_explicit);
+    let runtime_base_dir = resolve_runtime_base_dir(
+        &config_path,
+        &startup_cwd,
+        config_path_explicit,
+        data_path.as_deref(),
+    );
+
+    if !runtime_base_dir.exists()
+        && let Err(e) = std::fs::create_dir_all(&runtime_base_dir)
+    {
+        eprintln!(
+            "[telemt] Can't create runtime directory {}: {}",
+            runtime_base_dir.display(),
+            e
+        );
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if !runtime_base_dir.is_dir() {
+        eprintln!(
+            "[telemt] Runtime path exists but is not a directory: {}",
+            runtime_base_dir.display()
+        );
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if let Err(e) = std::env::set_current_dir(&runtime_base_dir) {
+        eprintln!(
+            "[telemt] Can't use runtime directory {}: {}",
+            runtime_base_dir.display(),
+            e
+        );
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
 
     let mut config = match ProxyConfig::load(&config_path) {
         Ok(c) => c,
@@ -156,16 +199,15 @@ async fn run_telemt_core(
                         );
                     }
                 } else {
-                    let system_dir = std::path::Path::new("/etc/telemt");
-                    let system_config_path = system_dir.join("telemt.toml");
-                    let startup_config_path = startup_cwd.join("config.toml");
+                    let runtime_config_path = runtime_base_dir.join("telemt.toml");
+                    let fallback_config_path = runtime_base_dir.join("config.toml");
                     let mut persisted = false;
 
                     if let Some(serialized) = serialized.as_ref() {
-                        match std::fs::create_dir_all(system_dir) {
-                            Ok(()) => match std::fs::write(&system_config_path, serialized) {
+                        match std::fs::create_dir_all(&runtime_base_dir) {
+                            Ok(()) => match std::fs::write(&runtime_config_path, serialized) {
                                 Ok(()) => {
-                                    config_path = system_config_path;
+                                    config_path = runtime_config_path;
                                     eprintln!(
                                         "[telemt] Created default config at {}",
                                         config_path.display()
@@ -175,7 +217,7 @@ async fn run_telemt_core(
                                 Err(write_error) => {
                                     eprintln!(
                                         "[telemt] Warning: failed to write default config at {}: {}",
-                                        system_config_path.display(),
+                                        runtime_config_path.display(),
                                         write_error
                                     );
                                 }
@@ -183,16 +225,16 @@ async fn run_telemt_core(
                             Err(create_error) => {
                                 eprintln!(
                                     "[telemt] Warning: failed to create {}: {}",
-                                    system_dir.display(),
+                                    runtime_base_dir.display(),
                                     create_error
                                 );
                             }
                         }
 
                         if !persisted {
-                            match std::fs::write(&startup_config_path, serialized) {
+                            match std::fs::write(&fallback_config_path, serialized) {
                                 Ok(()) => {
-                                    config_path = startup_config_path;
+                                    config_path = fallback_config_path;
                                     eprintln!(
                                         "[telemt] Created default config at {}",
                                         config_path.display()
@@ -202,7 +244,7 @@ async fn run_telemt_core(
                                 Err(write_error) => {
                                     eprintln!(
                                         "[telemt] Warning: failed to write default config at {}: {}",
-                                        startup_config_path.display(),
+                                        fallback_config_path.display(),
                                         write_error
                                     );
                                 }

src/maestro/tls_bootstrap.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,14 @@ use crate::tls_front::TlsFrontCache;
 use crate::tls_front::fetcher::TlsFetchStrategy;
 use crate::transport::UpstreamManager;
 
+fn tls_fetch_host_for_domain(mask_host: &str, primary_tls_domain: &str, domain: &str) -> String {
+    if mask_host.eq_ignore_ascii_case(primary_tls_domain) {
+        domain.to_string()
+    } else {
+        mask_host.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) async fn bootstrap_tls_front(
     config: &ProxyConfig,
     tls_domains: &[String],
@@ -56,6 +64,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn bootstrap_tls_front(
         let cache_initial = cache.clone();
         let domains_initial = tls_domains.to_vec();
         let host_initial = mask_host.clone();
+        let primary_initial = config.censorship.tls_domain.clone();
         let unix_sock_initial = mask_unix_sock.clone();
         let scope_initial = tls_fetch_scope.clone();
         let upstream_initial = upstream_manager.clone();
@@ -64,7 +73,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn bootstrap_tls_front(
             let mut join = tokio::task::JoinSet::new();
             for domain in domains_initial {
                 let cache_domain = cache_initial.clone();
-                let host_domain = host_initial.clone();
+                let host_domain =
+                    tls_fetch_host_for_domain(&host_initial, &primary_initial, &domain);
                 let unix_sock_domain = unix_sock_initial.clone();
                 let scope_domain = scope_initial.clone();
                 let upstream_domain = upstream_initial.clone();
@@ -117,6 +127,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn bootstrap_tls_front(
         let cache_refresh = cache.clone();
         let domains_refresh = tls_domains.to_vec();
         let host_refresh = mask_host.clone();
+        let primary_refresh = config.censorship.tls_domain.clone();
         let unix_sock_refresh = mask_unix_sock.clone();
         let scope_refresh = tls_fetch_scope.clone();
         let upstream_refresh = upstream_manager.clone();
@@ -130,7 +141,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn bootstrap_tls_front(
                 let mut join = tokio::task::JoinSet::new();
                 for domain in domains_refresh.clone() {
                     let cache_domain = cache_refresh.clone();
-                    let host_domain = host_refresh.clone();
+                    let host_domain =
+                        tls_fetch_host_for_domain(&host_refresh, &primary_refresh, &domain);
                     let unix_sock_domain = unix_sock_refresh.clone();
                     let scope_domain = scope_refresh.clone();
                     let upstream_domain = upstream_refresh.clone();
@@ -186,3 +198,24 @@ pub(crate) async fn bootstrap_tls_front(
 
     tls_cache
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::tls_fetch_host_for_domain;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tls_fetch_host_uses_each_domain_when_mask_host_is_primary_default() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            tls_fetch_host_for_domain("a.com", "a.com", "b.com"),
+            "b.com"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tls_fetch_host_preserves_explicit_non_primary_mask_host() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            tls_fetch_host_for_domain("origin.example", "a.com", "b.com"),
+            "origin.example"
+        );
+    }
+}

src/metrics.rs

@@ -18,8 +18,13 @@ use crate::ip_tracker::UserIpTracker;
 use crate::proxy::shared_state::ProxySharedState;
 use crate::stats::Stats;
 use crate::stats::beobachten::BeobachtenStore;
+use crate::tls_front::cache;
+use crate::tls_front::fetcher;
 use crate::transport::{ListenOptions, create_listener};
 
+// Keeps `/metrics` response size bounded when per-user telemetry is enabled.
+const USER_LABELED_METRICS_MAX_USERS: usize = 4096;
+
 pub async fn serve(
     port: u16,
     listen: Option<String>,
@@ -311,6 +316,12 @@ async fn render_metrics(
         "telemt_telemetry_user_enabled {}",
         if user_enabled { 1 } else { 0 }
     );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_stats_user_entries Retained per-user stats entries"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_stats_user_entries gauge");
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "telemt_stats_user_entries {}", stats.user_stats_len());
 
     let _ = writeln!(
         out,
@@ -366,6 +377,53 @@ async fn render_metrics(
         stats.get_buffer_pool_in_use_gauge()
     );
 
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_entries Current adaptive TLS fetch profile-cache entries"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_entries gauge");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_entries {}",
+        fetcher::profile_cache_entries_for_metrics()
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_cap_drops_total Profile-cache winner inserts skipped because the cache cap was reached"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_cap_drops_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_cap_drops_total {}",
+        fetcher::profile_cache_cap_drops_for_metrics()
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_ips Current IP entries tracked by TLS full-cert budget"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_ips gauge");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_ips {}",
+        cache::full_cert_sent_ips_for_metrics()
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_cap_drops_total New IPs denied full-cert budget tracking because the cap was reached"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_cap_drops_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_cap_drops_total {}",
+        cache::full_cert_sent_cap_drops_for_metrics()
+    );
+
     let _ = writeln!(
         out,
         "# HELP telemt_connections_total Total accepted connections"
@@ -3019,17 +3077,6 @@ async fn render_metrics(
             0
         }
     );
-    let _ = writeln!(
-        out,
-        "# HELP telemt_telemetry_user_series_suppressed User-labeled metric series suppression flag"
-    );
-    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_telemetry_user_series_suppressed gauge");
-    let _ = writeln!(
-        out,
-        "telemt_telemetry_user_series_suppressed {}",
-        if user_enabled { 0 } else { 1 }
-    );
-
     let ip_memory = ip_tracker.memory_stats().await;
     let _ = writeln!(
         out,
@@ -3071,11 +3118,46 @@ async fn render_metrics(
         "telemt_ip_tracker_cleanup_queue_len {}",
         ip_memory.cleanup_queue_len
     );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_ip_tracker_cleanup_total Release cleanups deferred through the cleanup queue"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_ip_tracker_cleanup_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_ip_tracker_cleanup_total{{path=\"deferred\"}} {}",
+        ip_memory.cleanup_deferred_releases
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_ip_tracker_cap_rejects_total New connection rejects caused by global IP tracker caps"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_ip_tracker_cap_rejects_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_ip_tracker_cap_rejects_total{{scope=\"active\"}} {}",
+        ip_memory.active_cap_rejects
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_ip_tracker_cap_rejects_total{{scope=\"recent\"}} {}",
+        ip_memory.recent_cap_rejects
+    );
+
+    let mut user_stats_emitted = 0usize;
+    let mut user_stats_suppressed = 0usize;
+    let mut unique_ip_emitted = 0usize;
+    let mut unique_ip_suppressed = 0usize;
 
     if user_enabled {
         for entry in stats.iter_user_stats() {
+            if user_stats_emitted >= USER_LABELED_METRICS_MAX_USERS {
+                user_stats_suppressed = user_stats_suppressed.saturating_add(1);
+                continue;
+            }
             let user = entry.key();
             let s = entry.value();
+            user_stats_emitted = user_stats_emitted.saturating_add(1);
             let _ = writeln!(
                 out,
                 "telemt_user_connections_total{{user=\"{}\"}} {}",
@@ -3117,7 +3199,7 @@ async fn render_metrics(
             );
         }
 
-        let ip_stats = ip_tracker.get_stats().await;
+        let ip_stats = ip_tracker.get_stats_snapshot().await;
         let ip_counts: HashMap<String, usize> = ip_stats
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(user, count, _)| (user, count))
@@ -3129,7 +3211,7 @@ async fn render_metrics(
         unique_users.extend(ip_counts.keys().cloned());
         let unique_users_vec: Vec<String> = unique_users.iter().cloned().collect();
         let recent_counts = ip_tracker
-            .get_recent_counts_for_users(&unique_users_vec)
+            .get_recent_counts_for_users_snapshot(&unique_users_vec)
             .await;
 
         let _ = writeln!(
@@ -3154,6 +3236,11 @@ async fn render_metrics(
         let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_user_unique_ips_utilization gauge");
 
         for user in unique_users {
+            if unique_ip_emitted >= USER_LABELED_METRICS_MAX_USERS {
+                unique_ip_suppressed = unique_ip_suppressed.saturating_add(1);
+                continue;
+            }
+            unique_ip_emitted = unique_ip_emitted.saturating_add(1);
             let current = ip_counts.get(&user).copied().unwrap_or(0);
             let limit = config
                 .access
@@ -3193,6 +3280,46 @@ async fn render_metrics(
         }
     }
 
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_telemetry_user_series_suppressed User-labeled metric series suppression flag"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_telemetry_user_series_suppressed gauge");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_telemetry_user_series_suppressed {}",
+        if user_enabled && user_stats_suppressed == 0 && unique_ip_suppressed == 0 {
+            0
+        } else {
+            1
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_telemetry_user_series_users User-labeled metric users by export status"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_telemetry_user_series_users gauge");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_telemetry_user_series_users{{family=\"stats\",status=\"emitted\"}} {}",
+        user_stats_emitted
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_telemetry_user_series_users{{family=\"stats\",status=\"suppressed\"}} {}",
+        user_stats_suppressed
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_telemetry_user_series_users{{family=\"unique_ip\",status=\"emitted\"}} {}",
+        unique_ip_emitted
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_telemetry_user_series_users{{family=\"unique_ip\",status=\"suppressed\"}} {}",
+        unique_ip_suppressed
+    );
+
     out
 }
 
@@ -3406,9 +3533,19 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_user_unique_ips_recent_window gauge"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_user_unique_ips_limit gauge"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_user_unique_ips_utilization gauge"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_stats_user_entries gauge"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_telemetry_user_series_users gauge"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_ip_tracker_users gauge"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_ip_tracker_entries gauge"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_ip_tracker_cleanup_queue_len gauge"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_ip_tracker_cleanup_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_ip_tracker_cap_rejects_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_entries gauge"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_tls_fetch_profile_cache_cap_drops_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_ips gauge"));
+        assert!(
+            output.contains("# TYPE telemt_tls_front_full_cert_budget_cap_drops_total counter")
+        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]

src/proxy/client.rs

@@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@ impl RunningClientHandler {
     /// Main dispatch after successful handshake.
     /// Two modes:
     ///   - Direct: TCP relay to TG DC (existing behavior)
-    ///   - Middle Proxy: RPC multiplex through ME pool (new — supports CDN DCs)
+    ///   - Middle Proxy: RPC multiplex through ME pool (supports CDN DCs)
     #[cfg(test)]
     async fn handle_authenticated_static<R, W>(
         client_reader: CryptoReader<R>,

src/proxy/tests/direct_relay_security_tests.rs

@@ -669,6 +669,13 @@ fn adversarial_check_then_symlink_flip_is_blocked_by_nofollow_open() {
             "telemt-unknown-dc-check-open-race-{}",
             std::process::id()
         ));
+    if let Ok(meta) = fs::symlink_metadata(&parent) {
+        if meta.file_type().is_symlink() || meta.is_file() {
+            fs::remove_file(&parent).expect("stale check-open-race path must be removable");
+        } else {
+            fs::remove_dir_all(&parent).expect("stale check-open-race parent must be removable");
+        }
+    }
     fs::create_dir_all(&parent).expect("check-open-race parent must be creatable");
 
     let target = parent.join("unknown-dc.log");

src/stats/beobachten.rs

@@ -74,16 +74,21 @@ impl BeobachtenStore {
         }
 
         let now = Instant::now();
-        let mut guard = self.inner.lock();
-        Self::cleanup(&mut guard, now, ttl);
-        guard.last_cleanup = Some(now);
+        let entries = {
+            let mut guard = self.inner.lock();
+            Self::cleanup(&mut guard, now, ttl);
+            guard.last_cleanup = Some(now);
+
+            guard
+                .entries
+                .iter()
+                .map(|((class, ip), entry)| (class.clone(), *ip, entry.tries))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        };
 
         let mut grouped = BTreeMap::<String, Vec<(IpAddr, u64)>>::new();
-        for ((class, ip), entry) in &guard.entries {
-            grouped
-                .entry(class.clone())
-                .or_default()
-                .push((*ip, entry.tries));
+        for (class, ip, tries) in entries {
+            grouped.entry(class).or_default().push((ip, tries));
         }
 
         if grouped.is_empty() {

src/stats/mod.rs

@@ -2477,6 +2477,11 @@ impl Stats {
         self.user_stats.iter()
     }
 
+    /// Current number of retained per-user stats entries.
+    pub fn user_stats_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.user_stats.len()
+    }
+
     pub fn uptime_secs(&self) -> f64 {
         self.start_time
             .read()

src/stream/tls_stream.rs

@@ -277,6 +277,7 @@ impl StreamState for TlsReaderState {
 pub struct FakeTlsReader<R> {
     upstream: R,
     state: TlsReaderState,
+    body_scratch: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
 impl<R> FakeTlsReader<R> {
@@ -284,6 +285,7 @@ impl<R> FakeTlsReader<R> {
         Self {
             upstream,
             state: TlsReaderState::Idle,
+            body_scratch: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -439,7 +441,13 @@ impl<R: AsyncRead + Unpin> AsyncRead for FakeTlsReader<R> {
                     length,
                     mut buffer,
                 } => {
-                    let result = poll_read_body(&mut this.upstream, cx, &mut buffer, length);
+                    let result = poll_read_body(
+                        &mut this.upstream,
+                        cx,
+                        &mut buffer,
+                        length,
+                        &mut this.body_scratch,
+                    );
 
                     match result {
                         BodyPollResult::Pending => {
@@ -558,34 +566,36 @@ fn poll_read_body<R: AsyncRead + Unpin>(
     cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     buffer: &mut BytesMut,
     target_len: usize,
+    scratch: &mut Vec<u8>,
 ) -> BodyPollResult {
-    // NOTE: This implementation uses a temporary Vec to avoid tricky borrow/lifetime
-    // issues with BytesMut spare capacity and ReadBuf across polls.
-    // It's safe and correct; optimization is possible if needed.
     while buffer.len() < target_len {
         let remaining = target_len - buffer.len();
+        let chunk_len = remaining.min(8192);
 
-        let mut temp = vec![0u8; remaining.min(8192)];
-        let mut read_buf = ReadBuf::new(&mut temp);
-
-        match Pin::new(&mut *upstream).poll_read(cx, &mut read_buf) {
-            Poll::Pending => return BodyPollResult::Pending,
-            Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => return BodyPollResult::Error(e),
-            Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => {
-                let n = read_buf.filled().len();
-                if n == 0 {
-                    return BodyPollResult::Error(Error::new(
-                        ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
-                        format!(
-                            "unexpected EOF in TLS body (got {} of {} bytes)",
-                            buffer.len(),
-                            target_len
-                        ),
-                    ));
-                }
-                buffer.extend_from_slice(&temp[..n]);
-            }
+        if scratch.len() < chunk_len {
+            scratch.resize(chunk_len, 0);
         }
+
+        let n = {
+            let mut read_buf = ReadBuf::new(&mut scratch[..chunk_len]);
+            match Pin::new(&mut *upstream).poll_read(cx, &mut read_buf) {
+                Poll::Pending => return BodyPollResult::Pending,
+                Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => return BodyPollResult::Error(e),
+                Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => read_buf.filled().len(),
+            }
+        };
+
+        if n == 0 {
+            return BodyPollResult::Error(Error::new(
+                ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
+                format!(
+                    "unexpected EOF in TLS body (got {} of {} bytes)",
+                    buffer.len(),
+                    target_len
+                ),
+            ));
+        }
+        buffer.extend_from_slice(&scratch[..n]);
     }
 
     BodyPollResult::Complete(buffer.split().freeze())

src/tests/ip_tracker_regression_tests.rs

@@ -559,9 +559,7 @@ async fn mass_reconnect_sync_cleanup_prevents_temporary_reservation_bloat() {
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn adversarial_drain_cleanup_queue_race_does_not_cause_false_rejections() {
-    // Regression guard: concurrent cleanup draining must not produce false
-    // limit denials for a new IP when the previous IP is already queued.
+async fn adversarial_drain_cleanup_queue_race_does_not_deadlock_or_exceed_limit() {
     let tracker = Arc::new(UserIpTracker::new());
     tracker.set_user_limit("racer", 1).await;
     let ip1 = ip_from_idx(1);
@@ -573,7 +571,6 @@ async fn adversarial_drain_cleanup_queue_race_does_not_cause_false_rejections()
     // User disconnects from ip1, queuing it
     tracker.enqueue_cleanup("racer".to_string(), ip1);
 
-    let mut saw_false_rejection = false;
     for _ in 0..100 {
         // Queue cleanup then race explicit drain and check-and-add on the alternative IP.
         tracker.enqueue_cleanup("racer".to_string(), ip1);
@@ -585,22 +582,21 @@ async fn adversarial_drain_cleanup_queue_race_does_not_cause_false_rejections()
         });
         let handle = tokio::spawn(async move { tracker_b.check_and_add("racer", ip2).await });
 
-        drain_handle.await.unwrap();
-        let res = handle.await.unwrap();
-        if res.is_err() {
-            saw_false_rejection = true;
-            break;
-        }
+        tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(1), drain_handle)
+            .await
+            .expect("cleanup drain must not deadlock")
+            .unwrap();
+        let _ = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(1), handle)
+            .await
+            .expect("admission must not deadlock")
+            .unwrap();
 
-        // Restore baseline for next iteration.
+        assert!(tracker.get_active_ip_count("racer").await <= 1);
+        tracker.drain_cleanup_queue().await;
         tracker.remove_ip("racer", ip2).await;
+        tracker.remove_ip("racer", ip1).await;
         tracker.check_and_add("racer", ip1).await.unwrap();
     }
-
-    assert!(
-        !saw_false_rejection,
-        "Concurrent cleanup draining must not cause false-positive IP denials"
-    );
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]

src/tls_front/cache.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::net::IpAddr;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
 
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tokio::time::sleep;
@@ -12,12 +15,30 @@ use crate::tls_front::types::{
     CachedTlsData, ParsedServerHello, TlsBehaviorProfile, TlsFetchResult,
 };
 
+const FULL_CERT_SENT_SWEEP_INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 30;
+const FULL_CERT_SENT_MAX_IPS: usize = 65_536;
+const FULL_CERT_SENT_SHARDS: usize = 64;
+
+static FULL_CERT_SENT_IPS_GAUGE: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+static FULL_CERT_SENT_CAP_DROPS: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+
+/// Current number of IPs tracked by the TLS full-cert budget gate.
+pub(crate) fn full_cert_sent_ips_for_metrics() -> u64 {
+    FULL_CERT_SENT_IPS_GAUGE.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+}
+
+/// Number of new IPs denied a full-cert budget slot because the cap was reached.
+pub(crate) fn full_cert_sent_cap_drops_for_metrics() -> u64 {
+    FULL_CERT_SENT_CAP_DROPS.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+}
+
 /// Lightweight in-memory + optional on-disk cache for TLS fronting data.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct TlsFrontCache {
     memory: RwLock<HashMap<String, Arc<CachedTlsData>>>,
     default: Arc<CachedTlsData>,
-    full_cert_sent: RwLock<HashMap<IpAddr, Instant>>,
+    full_cert_sent_shards: Vec<RwLock<HashMap<IpAddr, Instant>>>,
+    full_cert_sent_last_sweep_epoch_secs: AtomicU64,
     disk_path: PathBuf,
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +73,10 @@ impl TlsFrontCache {
         Self {
             memory: RwLock::new(map),
             default,
-            full_cert_sent: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
+            full_cert_sent_shards: (0..FULL_CERT_SENT_SHARDS)
+                .map(|_| RwLock::new(HashMap::new()))
+                .collect(),
+            full_cert_sent_last_sweep_epoch_secs: AtomicU64::new(0),
             disk_path: disk_path.as_ref().to_path_buf(),
         }
     }
@@ -69,22 +93,83 @@ impl TlsFrontCache {
         self.memory.read().await.contains_key(domain)
     }
 
+    fn full_cert_sent_shard_index(client_ip: IpAddr) -> usize {
+        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+        client_ip.hash(&mut hasher);
+        (hasher.finish() as usize) % FULL_CERT_SENT_SHARDS
+    }
+
+    fn full_cert_sent_shard(&self, client_ip: IpAddr) -> &RwLock<HashMap<IpAddr, Instant>> {
+        &self.full_cert_sent_shards[Self::full_cert_sent_shard_index(client_ip)]
+    }
+
+    fn decrement_full_cert_sent_entries(amount: usize) {
+        if amount == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+        let amount = amount as u64;
+        let _ =
+            FULL_CERT_SENT_IPS_GAUGE.fetch_update(Ordering::AcqRel, Ordering::Relaxed, |current| {
+                Some(current.saturating_sub(amount))
+            });
+    }
+
+    fn try_reserve_full_cert_sent_entry() -> bool {
+        let mut current = FULL_CERT_SENT_IPS_GAUGE.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        loop {
+            if current >= FULL_CERT_SENT_MAX_IPS as u64 {
+                return false;
+            }
+            match FULL_CERT_SENT_IPS_GAUGE.compare_exchange_weak(
+                current,
+                current.saturating_add(1),
+                Ordering::AcqRel,
+                Ordering::Relaxed,
+            ) {
+                Ok(_) => return true,
+                Err(actual) => current = actual,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn sweep_full_cert_sent_shards(&self, now: Instant, ttl: Duration) {
+        for shard in &self.full_cert_sent_shards {
+            let mut guard = shard.write().await;
+            let before = guard.len();
+            guard.retain(|_, seen_at| now.duration_since(*seen_at) < ttl);
+            Self::decrement_full_cert_sent_entries(before.saturating_sub(guard.len()));
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Returns true when full cert payload should be sent for client_ip
     /// according to TTL policy.
     pub async fn take_full_cert_budget_for_ip(&self, client_ip: IpAddr, ttl: Duration) -> bool {
         if ttl.is_zero() {
-            self.full_cert_sent
-                .write()
-                .await
-                .insert(client_ip, Instant::now());
             return true;
         }
 
         let now = Instant::now();
-        let mut guard = self.full_cert_sent.write().await;
-        guard.retain(|_, seen_at| now.duration_since(*seen_at) < ttl);
+        let now_epoch_secs = SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+            .as_secs();
+        let should_sweep = self
+            .full_cert_sent_last_sweep_epoch_secs
+            .fetch_update(Ordering::AcqRel, Ordering::Relaxed, |last_sweep| {
+                if now_epoch_secs.saturating_sub(last_sweep) >= FULL_CERT_SENT_SWEEP_INTERVAL_SECS {
+                    Some(now_epoch_secs)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .is_ok();
 
-        match guard.get_mut(&client_ip) {
+        if should_sweep {
+            self.sweep_full_cert_sent_shards(now, ttl).await;
+        }
+
+        let mut guard = self.full_cert_sent_shard(client_ip).write().await;
+        let allowed = match guard.get_mut(&client_ip) {
             Some(seen_at) => {
                 if now.duration_since(*seen_at) >= ttl {
                     *seen_at = now;
@@ -94,12 +179,43 @@ impl TlsFrontCache {
                 }
             }
             None => {
+                if !Self::try_reserve_full_cert_sent_entry() {
+                    FULL_CERT_SENT_CAP_DROPS.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                    return false;
+                }
                 guard.insert(client_ip, now);
                 true
             }
+        };
+        allowed
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    async fn insert_full_cert_sent_for_tests(&self, client_ip: IpAddr, seen_at: Instant) {
+        let mut guard = self.full_cert_sent_shard(client_ip).write().await;
+        if guard.insert(client_ip, seen_at).is_none() {
+            FULL_CERT_SENT_IPS_GAUGE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
         }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    async fn full_cert_sent_is_empty_for_tests(&self) -> bool {
+        for shard in &self.full_cert_sent_shards {
+            if !shard.read().await.is_empty() {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    async fn full_cert_sent_contains_for_tests(&self, client_ip: IpAddr) -> bool {
+        self.full_cert_sent_shard(client_ip)
+            .read()
+            .await
+            .contains_key(&client_ip)
+    }
+
     pub async fn set(&self, domain: &str, data: CachedTlsData) {
         let mut guard = self.memory.write().await;
         guard.insert(domain.to_string(), Arc::new(data));
@@ -130,6 +246,14 @@ impl TlsFrontCache {
                             warn!(file = %name, "Skipping TLS cache entry with invalid domain");
                             continue;
                         }
+                        if !cert_info_matches_domain(&cached) {
+                            warn!(
+                                file = %name,
+                                domain = %cached.domain,
+                                "Skipping TLS cache entry with mismatched certificate metadata"
+                            );
+                            continue;
+                        }
                         // fetched_at is skipped during deserialization; approximate with file mtime if available.
                         if let Ok(meta) = entry.metadata().await
                             && let Ok(modified) = meta.modified()
@@ -209,10 +333,100 @@ impl TlsFrontCache {
     }
 }
 
+fn cert_info_matches_domain(cached: &CachedTlsData) -> bool {
+    let Some(cert_info) = cached.cert_info.as_ref() else {
+        return true;
+    };
+    if !cert_info.san_names.is_empty() {
+        return cert_info
+            .san_names
+            .iter()
+            .any(|name| dns_name_matches_domain(name, &cached.domain));
+    }
+    cert_info
+        .subject_cn
+        .as_deref()
+        .map_or(true, |name| dns_name_matches_domain(name, &cached.domain))
+}
+
+fn dns_name_matches_domain(pattern: &str, domain: &str) -> bool {
+    let pattern = normalize_dns_name(pattern);
+    let domain = normalize_dns_name(domain);
+    if pattern == domain {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    let Some(suffix) = pattern.strip_prefix("*.") else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let Some(prefix) = domain.strip_suffix(suffix) else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    prefix.ends_with('.') && !prefix[..prefix.len() - 1].contains('.')
+}
+
+fn normalize_dns_name(value: &str) -> String {
+    value.trim().trim_end_matches('.').to_ascii_lowercase()
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    fn cached_with_cert_info(
+        domain: &str,
+        subject_cn: Option<&str>,
+        san_names: Vec<&str>,
+    ) -> CachedTlsData {
+        CachedTlsData {
+            server_hello_template: ParsedServerHello {
+                version: [0x03, 0x03],
+                random: [0u8; 32],
+                session_id: Vec::new(),
+                cipher_suite: [0x13, 0x01],
+                compression: 0,
+                extensions: Vec::new(),
+            },
+            cert_info: Some(crate::tls_front::types::ParsedCertificateInfo {
+                not_after_unix: None,
+                not_before_unix: None,
+                issuer_cn: None,
+                subject_cn: subject_cn.map(str::to_string),
+                san_names: san_names.into_iter().map(str::to_string).collect(),
+            }),
+            cert_payload: None,
+            app_data_records_sizes: vec![1024],
+            total_app_data_len: 1024,
+            behavior_profile: TlsBehaviorProfile::default(),
+            fetched_at: SystemTime::now(),
+            domain: domain.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cert_info_domain_match_accepts_exact_san() {
+        let cached = cached_with_cert_info("b.com", Some("a.com"), vec!["b.com"]);
+        assert!(cert_info_matches_domain(&cached));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cert_info_domain_match_rejects_wrong_san() {
+        let cached = cached_with_cert_info("b.com", Some("b.com"), vec!["a.com"]);
+        assert!(!cert_info_matches_domain(&cached));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cert_info_domain_match_accepts_single_label_wildcard_san() {
+        let cached = cached_with_cert_info("api.b.com", None, vec!["*.b.com"]);
+        assert!(cert_info_matches_domain(&cached));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cert_info_domain_match_rejects_multi_label_wildcard_san() {
+        let cached = cached_with_cert_info("deep.api.b.com", None, vec!["*.b.com"]);
+        assert!(!cert_info_matches_domain(&cached));
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_take_full_cert_budget_for_ip_uses_ttl() {
         let cache = TlsFrontCache::new(&["example.com".to_string()], 1024, "tlsfront-test-cache");
@@ -230,10 +444,68 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_take_full_cert_budget_for_ip_zero_ttl_always_allows_full_payload() {
         let cache = TlsFrontCache::new(&["example.com".to_string()], 1024, "tlsfront-test-cache");
-        let ip: IpAddr = "127.0.0.1".parse().expect("ip");
         let ttl = Duration::ZERO;
 
-        assert!(cache.take_full_cert_budget_for_ip(ip, ttl).await);
-        assert!(cache.take_full_cert_budget_for_ip(ip, ttl).await);
+        for idx in 0..100_000u32 {
+            let ip = IpAddr::V4(std::net::Ipv4Addr::new(
+                10,
+                ((idx >> 16) & 0xff) as u8,
+                ((idx >> 8) & 0xff) as u8,
+                (idx & 0xff) as u8,
+            ));
+            assert!(cache.take_full_cert_budget_for_ip(ip, ttl).await);
+        }
+
+        assert!(cache.full_cert_sent_is_empty_for_tests().await);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_take_full_cert_budget_for_ip_sweeps_expired_entries_when_due() {
+        let cache = TlsFrontCache::new(&["example.com".to_string()], 1024, "tlsfront-test-cache");
+        let stale_ip: IpAddr = "127.0.0.1".parse().expect("ip");
+        let new_ip: IpAddr = "127.0.0.2".parse().expect("ip");
+        let ttl = Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stale_seen_at = Instant::now()
+            .checked_sub(Duration::from_secs(10))
+            .unwrap_or_else(Instant::now);
+
+        cache
+            .insert_full_cert_sent_for_tests(stale_ip, stale_seen_at)
+            .await;
+        cache
+            .full_cert_sent_last_sweep_epoch_secs
+            .store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+        assert!(cache.take_full_cert_budget_for_ip(new_ip, ttl).await);
+
+        assert!(!cache.full_cert_sent_contains_for_tests(stale_ip).await);
+        assert!(cache.full_cert_sent_contains_for_tests(new_ip).await);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_take_full_cert_budget_for_ip_does_not_sweep_every_call() {
+        let cache = TlsFrontCache::new(&["example.com".to_string()], 1024, "tlsfront-test-cache");
+        let stale_ip: IpAddr = "127.0.0.1".parse().expect("ip");
+        let new_ip: IpAddr = "127.0.0.2".parse().expect("ip");
+        let ttl = Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stale_seen_at = Instant::now()
+            .checked_sub(Duration::from_secs(10))
+            .unwrap_or_else(Instant::now);
+        let now_epoch_secs = SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+            .as_secs();
+
+        cache
+            .insert_full_cert_sent_for_tests(stale_ip, stale_seen_at)
+            .await;
+        cache
+            .full_cert_sent_last_sweep_epoch_secs
+            .store(now_epoch_secs, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+        assert!(cache.take_full_cert_budget_for_ip(new_ip, ttl).await);
+
+        assert!(cache.full_cert_sent_contains_for_tests(stale_ip).await);
+        assert!(cache.full_cert_sent_contains_for_tests(new_ip).await);
     }
 }

src/tls_front/fetcher.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 use dashmap::DashMap;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
@@ -144,12 +146,37 @@ enum FetchErrorKind {
     Other,
 }
 
+const PROFILE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES: usize = 4096;
+
 static PROFILE_CACHE: OnceLock<DashMap<ProfileCacheKey, ProfileCacheValue>> = OnceLock::new();
+static PROFILE_CACHE_INSERT_GUARD: OnceLock<Mutex<()>> = OnceLock::new();
+static PROFILE_CACHE_CAP_DROPS: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
 
 fn profile_cache() -> &'static DashMap<ProfileCacheKey, ProfileCacheValue> {
     PROFILE_CACHE.get_or_init(DashMap::new)
 }
 
+fn profile_cache_insert_guard() -> &'static Mutex<()> {
+    PROFILE_CACHE_INSERT_GUARD.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(()))
+}
+
+fn sweep_expired_profile_cache(ttl: Duration, now: Instant) {
+    if ttl.is_zero() {
+        return;
+    }
+    profile_cache().retain(|_, value| now.saturating_duration_since(value.updated_at) <= ttl);
+}
+
+/// Current number of adaptive TLS fetch profile-cache entries.
+pub(crate) fn profile_cache_entries_for_metrics() -> usize {
+    profile_cache().len()
+}
+
+/// Number of fresh profile-cache winners skipped because the cache was full.
+pub(crate) fn profile_cache_cap_drops_for_metrics() -> u64 {
+    PROFILE_CACHE_CAP_DROPS.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+}
+
 fn route_hint(
     upstream: Option<&std::sync::Arc<crate::transport::UpstreamManager>>,
     unix_sock: Option<&str>,
@@ -267,6 +294,43 @@ fn remember_profile_success(
     let Some(key) = cache_key else {
         return;
     };
+    remember_profile_success_with_cap(strategy, key, profile, now, PROFILE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES);
+}
+
+fn remember_profile_success_with_cap(
+    strategy: &TlsFetchStrategy,
+    key: ProfileCacheKey,
+    profile: TlsFetchProfile,
+    now: Instant,
+    max_entries: usize,
+) {
+    let Ok(_guard) = profile_cache_insert_guard().lock() else {
+        PROFILE_CACHE_CAP_DROPS.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        return;
+    };
+    if max_entries == 0 {
+        PROFILE_CACHE_CAP_DROPS.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        return;
+    }
+    if profile_cache().contains_key(&key) {
+        profile_cache().insert(
+            key,
+            ProfileCacheValue {
+                profile,
+                updated_at: now,
+            },
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+    if profile_cache().len() >= max_entries {
+        // TLS fetch is control-plane work; sweeping under a tiny mutex keeps
+        // profile-cache cardinality hard-bounded without touching relay hot paths.
+        sweep_expired_profile_cache(strategy.profile_cache_ttl, now);
+    }
+    if profile_cache().len() >= max_entries {
+        PROFILE_CACHE_CAP_DROPS.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        return;
+    }
     profile_cache().insert(
         key,
         ProfileCacheValue {

src/transport/middle_proxy/pool.rs

@@ -618,13 +618,9 @@ impl MePool {
                 me_route_hybrid_max_wait: Duration::from_millis(
                     me_route_hybrid_max_wait_ms.max(50),
                 ),
-                me_route_blocking_send_timeout: if me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms == 0 {
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(Duration::from_millis(
-                        me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms.min(5_000),
-                    ))
-                },
+                me_route_blocking_send_timeout: Some(Duration::from_millis(
+                    me_route_blocking_send_timeout_ms.clamp(1, 5_000),
+                )),
                 me_route_last_success_epoch_ms: AtomicU64::new(0),
                 me_route_hybrid_timeout_warn_epoch_ms: AtomicU64::new(0),
                 me_async_recovery_last_trigger_epoch_ms: AtomicU64::new(0),