DC -> Client Runtime in Metrics and API

.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,16 @@ queries:
   - uses: security-and-quality
   - uses: ./.github/codeql/queries
 
+paths-ignore:
+  - "**/tests/**"
+  - "**/test/**"
+  - "**/*_test.rs"
+  - "**/*/tests.rs"
 query-filters:
+  - exclude:
+      tags:
+        - test
+
   - exclude:
       id:
         - rust/unwrap-on-option

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -19,104 +19,200 @@ env:
   BINARY_NAME: telemt
 
 jobs:
-  build:
-    name: Build ${{ matrix.target }}
+# ==========================
+# GNU / glibc
+# ==========================
+  build-gnu:
+    name: GNU ${{ matrix.target }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          # ===== GNU / glibc =====
           - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
-            asset_name: telemt-x86_64-linux-gnu
+            asset: telemt-x86_64-linux-gnu
           - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-            asset_name: telemt-aarch64-linux-gnu
-
-          # ===== MUSL =====
-          - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
-            asset_name: telemt-x86_64-linux-musl
+            asset: telemt-aarch64-linux-gnu
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      # ---------- Toolchain ----------
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@v1
         with:
           toolchain: stable
           targets: |
             x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
             aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-            x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
 
-      # ---------- System deps (bookworm) ----------
-      - name: Install build deps
+      - name: Install deps
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+          sudo apt-get install -y \
             build-essential \
             clang \
             lld \
             pkg-config \
-            musl-tools \
             gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu \
-            g++-aarch64-linux-gnu \
-            ca-certificates
+            g++-aarch64-linux-gnu
 
-      # ---------- Cache ----------
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: |
             ~/.cargo/registry
             ~/.cargo/git
             target
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+          key: gnu-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
 
-      # ---------- Build ----------
       - name: Build
-        env:
-          CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu: clang
-          CXX_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu: clang++
-
-          CC_aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu: aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
-          CXX_aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu: aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
-
-          CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl: musl-gcc
-
-          RUSTFLAGS: "-C linker=clang -C link-arg=-fuse-ld=lld"
         run: |
-          case "${{ matrix.target }}" in
-            x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)
-              export RUSTFLAGS="-C target-feature=+crt-static"
-              ;;
-          esac
+          if [ "${{ matrix.target }}" = "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu" ]; then
+            export CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
+            export CXX=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
+            export CC_aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
+            export CXX_aarch64_unknown_linux_gnu=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
+            export RUSTFLAGS="-C linker=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"
+          else
+            export CC=clang
+            export CXX=clang++
+            export CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu=clang
+            export CXX_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu=clang++
+            export RUSTFLAGS="-C linker=clang -C link-arg=-fuse-ld=lld"
+          fi
 
           cargo build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }}
 
-      # ---------- Package ----------
       - name: Package
         run: |
           mkdir -p dist
-
           BIN=target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/${{ env.BINARY_NAME }}
 
           cp "$BIN" dist/${{ env.BINARY_NAME }}-${{ matrix.target }}
 
           cd dist
-          tar -czf ${{ matrix.asset_name }}.tar.gz ${{ env.BINARY_NAME }}-${{ matrix.target }}
-          sha256sum ${{ matrix.asset_name }}.tar.gz > ${{ matrix.asset_name }}.sha256
+          tar -czf ${{ matrix.asset }}.tar.gz ${{ env.BINARY_NAME }}-${{ matrix.target }}
+          sha256sum ${{ matrix.asset }}.tar.gz > ${{ matrix.asset }}.sha256
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: ${{ matrix.asset_name }}
+          name: ${{ matrix.asset }}
           path: |
-            dist/${{ matrix.asset_name }}.tar.gz
-            dist/${{ matrix.asset_name }}.sha256
+            dist/${{ matrix.asset }}.tar.gz
+            dist/${{ matrix.asset }}.sha256
 
+# ==========================
+# MUSL
+# ==========================
+  build-musl:
+    name: MUSL ${{ matrix.target }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    container:
+      image: rust:slim-bookworm
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+            asset: telemt-x86_64-linux-musl
+          - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+            asset: telemt-aarch64-linux-musl
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install deps
+        run: |
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install -y \
+            musl-tools \
+            pkg-config \
+            curl
+
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        if: matrix.target == 'aarch64-unknown-linux-musl'
+        with:
+          path: ~/.musl-aarch64
+          key: musl-toolchain-aarch64-v1
+
+      - name: Install aarch64 musl toolchain
+        if: matrix.target == 'aarch64-unknown-linux-musl'
+        run: |
+          set -e
+
+          TOOLCHAIN_DIR="$HOME/.musl-aarch64"
+          ARCHIVE="aarch64-linux-musl-cross.tgz"
+          URL="https://github.com/telemt/telemt/releases/download/toolchains/$ARCHIVE"
+
+          if [ -x "$TOOLCHAIN_DIR/bin/aarch64-linux-musl-gcc" ]; then
+            echo "✅ MUSL toolchain already installed"
+          else
+            echo "⬇️ Downloading musl toolchain from Telemt GitHub Releases..."
+
+            curl -fL \
+              --retry 5 \
+              --retry-delay 3 \
+              --connect-timeout 10 \
+              --max-time 120 \
+              -o "$ARCHIVE" "$URL"
+
+            mkdir -p "$TOOLCHAIN_DIR"
+            tar -xzf "$ARCHIVE" --strip-components=1 -C "$TOOLCHAIN_DIR"
+          fi
+
+          echo "$TOOLCHAIN_DIR/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Add rust target
+        run: rustup target add ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            /usr/local/cargo/registry
+            /usr/local/cargo/git
+            target
+          key: musl-${{ matrix.target }}-${{ hashFiles('**/Cargo.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ matrix.target }}" = "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl" ]; then
+            export CC=aarch64-linux-musl-gcc
+            export CC_aarch64_unknown_linux_musl=aarch64-linux-musl-gcc
+            export RUSTFLAGS="-C target-feature=+crt-static -C linker=aarch64-linux-musl-gcc"
+          else
+            export CC=musl-gcc
+            export CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl=musl-gcc
+            export RUSTFLAGS="-C target-feature=+crt-static"
+          fi
+
+          cargo build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+      - name: Package
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p dist
+          BIN=target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/${{ env.BINARY_NAME }}
+
+          cp "$BIN" dist/${{ env.BINARY_NAME }}-${{ matrix.target }}
+
+          cd dist
+          tar -czf ${{ matrix.asset }}.tar.gz ${{ env.BINARY_NAME }}-${{ matrix.target }}
+          sha256sum ${{ matrix.asset }}.tar.gz > ${{ matrix.asset }}.sha256
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ${{ matrix.asset }}
+          path: |
+            dist/${{ matrix.asset }}.tar.gz
+            dist/${{ matrix.asset }}.sha256
+
+# ==========================
+# Docker
+# ==========================
   docker:
     name: Docker
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
+    needs: [build-gnu, build-musl]
     continue-on-error: true
 
     steps:
@@ -147,11 +243,10 @@ jobs:
         id: vars
         run: echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
-      - name: Build & Push prod
+      - name: Build & Push
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           context: .
-          target: prod
           push: true
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           tags: |
@@ -160,10 +255,13 @@ jobs:
           build-args: |
             BINARY=dist/telemt
 
+# ==========================
+# Release
+# ==========================
   release:
     name: Release
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
+    needs: [build-gnu, build-musl]
 
     permissions:
       contents: write

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Code of Conduct
 
-## 1. Purpose
+## Purpose
 
-Telemt exists to solve technical problems.
+**Telemt exists to solve technical problems.**
 
 Telemt is open to contributors who want to learn, improve and build meaningful systems together.
 
@@ -18,27 +18,34 @@ Technology has consequences. Responsibility is inherent.
 
 ---
 
-## 2. Principles
+## Principles
 
 * **Technical over emotional**
+
   Arguments are grounded in data, logs, reproducible cases, or clear reasoning.
 
 * **Clarity over noise**
+
   Communication is structured, concise, and relevant.
 
 * **Openness with standards**
+
   Participation is open. The work remains disciplined.
 
 * **Independence of judgment**
+
   Claims are evaluated on technical merit, not affiliation or posture.
 
 * **Responsibility over capability**
+
   Capability does not justify careless use.
 
 * **Cooperation over friction**
+
   Progress depends on coordination, mutual support, and honest review.
 
 * **Good intent, rigorous method**
+
   Assume good intent, but require rigor.
 
 > **Aussagen gelten nach ihrer Begründung.**
@@ -47,7 +54,7 @@ Technology has consequences. Responsibility is inherent.
 
 ---
 
-## 3. Expected Behavior
+## Expected Behavior
 
 Participants are expected to:
 
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@ New contributors are welcome. They are expected to grow into these standards. Ex
 
 ---
 
-## 4. Unacceptable Behavior
+## Unacceptable Behavior
 
 The following is not allowed:
 
@@ -89,7 +96,7 @@ Such discussions may be closed, removed, or redirected.
 
 ---
 
-## 5. Security and Misuse
+## Security and Misuse
 
 Telemt is intended for responsible use.
 
@@ -109,15 +116,13 @@ Security is both technical and behavioral.
 
 Telemt is open to contributors of different backgrounds, experience levels, and working styles.
 
-Standards are public, legible, and applied to the work itself.
-
-Questions are welcome. Careful disagreement is welcome. Honest correction is welcome.
-
-Gatekeeping by obscurity, status signaling, or hostility is not.
+- Standards are public, legible, and applied to the work itself.
+- Questions are welcome. Careful disagreement is welcome. Honest correction is welcome.
+- Gatekeeping by obscurity, status signaling, or hostility is not.
 
 ---
 
-## 7. Scope
+## Scope
 
 This Code of Conduct applies to all official spaces:
 
@@ -127,16 +132,19 @@ This Code of Conduct applies to all official spaces:
 
 ---
 
-## 8. Maintainer Stewardship
+## Maintainer Stewardship
 
 Maintainers are responsible for final decisions in matters of conduct, scope, and direction.
 
-This responsibility is stewardship: preserving continuity, protecting signal, maintaining standards, and keeping Telemt workable for others.
+This responsibility is stewardship: 
+- preserving continuity, 
+- protecting signal, 
+- maintaining standards, 
+- keeping Telemt workable for others.
 
 Judgment should be exercised with restraint, consistency, and institutional responsibility.
-
-Not every decision requires extended debate.
-Not every intervention requires public explanation.
+- Not every decision requires extended debate.
+- Not every intervention requires public explanation.
 
 All decisions are expected to serve the durability, clarity, and integrity of Telemt.
 
@@ -146,7 +154,7 @@ All decisions are expected to serve the durability, clarity, and integrity of Te
 
 ---
 
-## 9. Enforcement
+## Enforcement
 
 Maintainers may act to preserve the integrity of Telemt, including by:
 
@@ -156,44 +164,40 @@ Maintainers may act to preserve the integrity of Telemt, including by:
 * Restricting or banning participants
 
 Actions are taken to maintain function, continuity, and signal quality.
-
-Where possible, correction is preferred to exclusion.
-
-Where necessary, exclusion is preferred to decay.
+- Where possible, correction is preferred to exclusion.
+- Where necessary, exclusion is preferred to decay.
 
 ---
 
-## 10. Final
+## Final
 
 Telemt is built on discipline, structure, and shared intent.
+- Signal over noise.
+- Facts over opinion.
+- Systems over rhetoric.
 
-Signal over noise.
-Facts over opinion.
-Systems over rhetoric.
+- Work is collective.
+- Outcomes are shared.
+- Responsibility is distributed.
 
-Work is collective.
-Outcomes are shared.
-Responsibility is distributed.
-
-Precision is learned.
-Rigor is expected.
-Help is part of the work.
+- Precision is learned.
+- Rigor is expected.
+- Help is part of the work.
 
 > **Ordnung ist Voraussetzung der Freiheit.**
 
-If you contribute — contribute with care.
-If you speak — speak with substance.
-If you engage — engage constructively.
+- If you contribute — contribute with care.
+- If you speak — speak with substance.
+- If you engage — engage constructively.
 
 ---
 
-## 11. After All
+## After All
 
 Systems outlive intentions.
-
-What is built will be used.
-What is released will propagate.
-What is maintained will define the future state.
+- What is built will be used.
+- What is released will propagate.
+- What is maintained will define the future state.
 
 There is no neutral infrastructure, only infrastructure shaped well or poorly.
 
@@ -201,8 +205,8 @@ There is no neutral infrastructure, only infrastructure shaped well or poorly.
 
 > Every system carries responsibility.
 
-Stability requires discipline.
-Freedom requires structure.
-Trust requires honesty.
+- Stability requires discipline.
+- Freedom requires structure.
+- Trust requires honesty.
 
-In the end, the system reflects its contributors.
+In the end: the system reflects its contributors.

Dockerfile

@@ -28,9 +28,23 @@ RUN cargo build --release && strip target/release/telemt
 FROM debian:12-slim AS minimal
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    upx \
     binutils \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+    curl \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+    \
+    # install UPX from Telemt releases
+    && curl -fL \
+        --retry 5 \
+        --retry-delay 3 \
+        --connect-timeout 10 \
+        --max-time 120 \
+        -o /tmp/upx.tar.xz \
+        https://github.com/telemt/telemt/releases/download/toolchains/upx-amd64_linux.tar.xz \
+    && tar -xf /tmp/upx.tar.xz -C /tmp \
+    && mv /tmp/upx*/upx /usr/local/bin/upx \
+    && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/upx \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/upx*
 
 COPY --from=builder /build/target/release/telemt /telemt
 

src/api/model.rs

@@ -174,6 +174,24 @@ pub(super) struct ZeroMiddleProxyData {
     pub(super) route_drop_queue_full_total: u64,
     pub(super) route_drop_queue_full_base_total: u64,
     pub(super) route_drop_queue_full_high_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_batches_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_batch_frames_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_batch_bytes_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_flush_reason_close_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_data_frames_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_ack_frames_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_payload_bytes_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_write_mode_split_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total: u64,
+    pub(super) d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total: u64,
     pub(super) socks_kdf_strict_reject_total: u64,
     pub(super) socks_kdf_compat_fallback_total: u64,
     pub(super) endpoint_quarantine_total: u64,

src/api/runtime_stats.rs

@@ -68,6 +68,25 @@ pub(super) fn build_zero_all_data(stats: &Stats, configured_users: usize) -> Zer
             route_drop_queue_full_total: stats.get_me_route_drop_queue_full(),
             route_drop_queue_full_base_total: stats.get_me_route_drop_queue_full_base(),
             route_drop_queue_full_high_total: stats.get_me_route_drop_queue_full_high(),
+            d2c_batches_total: stats.get_me_d2c_batches_total(),
+            d2c_batch_frames_total: stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(),
+            d2c_batch_bytes_total: stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(),
+            d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total: stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total(),
+            d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total: stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total(),
+            d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total: stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total(),
+            d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total: stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total(),
+            d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total: stats
+                .get_me_d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total(),
+            d2c_flush_reason_close_total: stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_close_total(),
+            d2c_data_frames_total: stats.get_me_d2c_data_frames_total(),
+            d2c_ack_frames_total: stats.get_me_d2c_ack_frames_total(),
+            d2c_payload_bytes_total: stats.get_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total(),
+            d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total: stats.get_me_d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total(),
+            d2c_write_mode_split_total: stats.get_me_d2c_write_mode_split_total(),
+            d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total: stats.get_me_d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total(),
+            d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total: stats.get_me_d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total(),
+            d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total: stats.get_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total(),
+            d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total: stats.get_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total(),
             socks_kdf_strict_reject_total: stats.get_me_socks_kdf_strict_reject(),
             socks_kdf_compat_fallback_total: stats.get_me_socks_kdf_compat_fallback(),
             endpoint_quarantine_total: stats.get_me_endpoint_quarantine_total(),

src/config/defaults.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ const DEFAULT_ME_D2C_FLUSH_BATCH_MAX_FRAMES: usize = 32;
 const DEFAULT_ME_D2C_FLUSH_BATCH_MAX_BYTES: usize = 128 * 1024;
 const DEFAULT_ME_D2C_FLUSH_BATCH_MAX_DELAY_US: u64 = 500;
 const DEFAULT_ME_D2C_ACK_FLUSH_IMMEDIATE: bool = true;
+const DEFAULT_ME_QUOTA_SOFT_OVERSHOOT_BYTES: u64 = 64 * 1024;
+const DEFAULT_ME_D2C_FRAME_BUF_SHRINK_THRESHOLD_BYTES: usize = 256 * 1024;
 const DEFAULT_DIRECT_RELAY_COPY_BUF_C2S_BYTES: usize = 64 * 1024;
 const DEFAULT_DIRECT_RELAY_COPY_BUF_S2C_BYTES: usize = 256 * 1024;
 const DEFAULT_ME_WRITER_PICK_SAMPLE_SIZE: u8 = 3;
@@ -387,6 +389,14 @@ pub(crate) fn default_me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate() -> bool {
     DEFAULT_ME_D2C_ACK_FLUSH_IMMEDIATE
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn default_me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes() -> u64 {
+    DEFAULT_ME_QUOTA_SOFT_OVERSHOOT_BYTES
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn default_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes() -> usize {
+    DEFAULT_ME_D2C_FRAME_BUF_SHRINK_THRESHOLD_BYTES
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn default_direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes() -> usize {
     DEFAULT_DIRECT_RELAY_COPY_BUF_C2S_BYTES
 }

src/config/hot_reload.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ pub struct HotFields {
     pub me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes: usize,
     pub me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us: u64,
     pub me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate: bool,
+    pub me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes: u64,
+    pub me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes: usize,
     pub direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes: usize,
     pub direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes: usize,
     pub me_health_interval_ms_unhealthy: u64,
@@ -225,6 +227,8 @@ impl HotFields {
             me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes: cfg.general.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes,
             me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us: cfg.general.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us,
             me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate: cfg.general.me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate,
+            me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes: cfg.general.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
+            me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes: cfg.general.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes,
             direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes: cfg.general.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes,
             direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes: cfg.general.direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes,
             me_health_interval_ms_unhealthy: cfg.general.me_health_interval_ms_unhealthy,
@@ -511,6 +515,9 @@ fn overlay_hot_fields(old: &ProxyConfig, new: &ProxyConfig) -> ProxyConfig {
     cfg.general.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes = new.general.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes;
     cfg.general.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us = new.general.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us;
     cfg.general.me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate = new.general.me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate;
+    cfg.general.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes = new.general.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes;
+    cfg.general.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes =
+        new.general.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes;
     cfg.general.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes = new.general.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes;
     cfg.general.direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes = new.general.direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes;
     cfg.general.me_health_interval_ms_unhealthy = new.general.me_health_interval_ms_unhealthy;
@@ -1030,15 +1037,20 @@ fn log_changes(
         || old_hot.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes != new_hot.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes
         || old_hot.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us != new_hot.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us
         || old_hot.me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate != new_hot.me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate
+        || old_hot.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes != new_hot.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes
+        || old_hot.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes
+            != new_hot.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes
         || old_hot.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes != new_hot.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes
         || old_hot.direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes != new_hot.direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes
     {
         info!(
-            "config reload: relay_tuning: me_d2c_frames={} me_d2c_bytes={} me_d2c_delay_us={} me_ack_flush_immediate={} direct_buf_c2s={} direct_buf_s2c={}",
+            "config reload: relay_tuning: me_d2c_frames={} me_d2c_bytes={} me_d2c_delay_us={} me_ack_flush_immediate={} me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes={} me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes={} direct_buf_c2s={} direct_buf_s2c={}",
             new_hot.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_frames,
             new_hot.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes,
             new_hot.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us,
             new_hot.me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate,
+            new_hot.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
+            new_hot.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes,
             new_hot.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes,
             new_hot.direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes,
         );

src/config/load.rs

@@ -533,6 +533,19 @@ impl ProxyConfig {
             ));
         }
 
+        if config.general.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes > 16 * 1024 * 1024 {
+            return Err(ProxyError::Config(
+                "general.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes must be within [0, 16777216]".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        if !(4096..=16 * 1024 * 1024).contains(&config.general.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes) {
+            return Err(ProxyError::Config(
+                "general.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes must be within [4096, 16777216]"
+                    .to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
         if !(4096..=1024 * 1024).contains(&config.general.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes) {
             return Err(ProxyError::Config(
                 "general.direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes must be within [4096, 1048576]"

src/config/types.rs

@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ pub struct GeneralConfig {
     pub me_c2me_send_timeout_ms: u64,
 
     /// Bounded wait in milliseconds for routing ME DATA to per-connection queue.
-    /// `0` keeps legacy no-wait behavior.
+    /// `0` keeps non-blocking routing; values >0 enable bounded wait for compatibility.
     #[serde(default = "default_me_reader_route_data_wait_ms")]
     pub me_reader_route_data_wait_ms: u64,
 
@@ -489,6 +489,14 @@ pub struct GeneralConfig {
     #[serde(default = "default_me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate")]
     pub me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate: bool,
 
+    /// Additional bytes above strict per-user quota allowed in hot-path soft mode.
+    #[serde(default = "default_me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes")]
+    pub me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes: u64,
+
+    /// Shrink threshold for reusable ME->Client frame assembly buffer.
+    #[serde(default = "default_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes")]
+    pub me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes: usize,
+
     /// Copy buffer size for client->DC direction in direct relay.
     #[serde(default = "default_direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes")]
     pub direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes: usize,
@@ -945,6 +953,8 @@ impl Default for GeneralConfig {
             me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes: default_me_d2c_flush_batch_max_bytes(),
             me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us: default_me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us(),
             me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate: default_me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate(),
+            me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes: default_me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes(),
+            me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes: default_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes(),
             direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes: default_direct_relay_copy_buf_c2s_bytes(),
             direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes: default_direct_relay_copy_buf_s2c_bytes(),
             me_warmup_stagger_enabled: default_true(),

src/metrics.rs

@@ -935,6 +935,462 @@ async fn render_metrics(stats: &Stats, config: &ProxyConfig, ip_tracker: &UserIp
         }
     );
 
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_batches_total Total DC->Client flush batches"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batches_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batches_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batches_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_total Total DC->Client frames flushed in batches"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total Total DC->Client bytes flushed in batches"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total DC->Client flush reasons"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total{{reason=\"queue_drain\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total{{reason=\"batch_frames\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total{{reason=\"batch_bytes\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total{{reason=\"max_delay\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total{{reason=\"ack_immediate\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total{{reason=\"close\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_close_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_data_frames_total DC->Client data frames"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_data_frames_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_data_frames_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_data_frames_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_ack_frames_total DC->Client quick-ack frames"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_ack_frames_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_ack_frames_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_ack_frames_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total DC->Client payload bytes before transport framing"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_write_mode_total DC->Client writer mode selection"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_write_mode_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_write_mode_total{{mode=\"coalesced\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_write_mode_total{{mode=\"split\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_write_mode_split_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_quota_reject_total DC->Client quota rejects"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_quota_reject_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_quota_reject_total{{stage=\"pre_write\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_quota_reject_total{{stage=\"post_write\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total DC->Client reusable frame buffer shrink events"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(out, "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total counter");
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total DC->Client reusable frame buffer bytes released"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total {}",
+        if me_allows_normal {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total DC->Client batch frame count buckets"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total{{bucket=\"1\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_1()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total{{bucket=\"2_4\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_2_4()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total{{bucket=\"5_8\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_5_8()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total{{bucket=\"9_16\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_9_16()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total{{bucket=\"17_32\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_17_32()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total{{bucket=\"gt_32\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_gt_32()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total DC->Client batch byte size buckets"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total{{bucket=\"0_1k\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_0_1k()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total{{bucket=\"1k_4k\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_1k_4k()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total{{bucket=\"4k_16k\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_4k_16k()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total{{bucket=\"16k_64k\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_16k_64k()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total{{bucket=\"64k_128k\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_64k_128k()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_total{{bucket=\"gt_128k\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_gt_128k()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total DC->Client flush duration buckets"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total{{bucket=\"0_50\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_0_50()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total{{bucket=\"51_200\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_51_200()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total{{bucket=\"201_1000\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_201_1000()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total{{bucket=\"1001_5000\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_1001_5000()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total{{bucket=\"5001_20000\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_5001_20000()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total{{bucket=\"gt_20000\"}} {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_gt_20000()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total DC->Client max-delay timer armed events"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# HELP telemt_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total DC->Client max-delay timer fired events"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total counter"
+    );
+    let _ = writeln!(
+        out,
+        "telemt_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total {}",
+        if me_allows_debug {
+            stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    );
+
     let _ = writeln!(
         out,
         "# HELP telemt_me_writer_pick_total ME writer-pick outcomes by mode and result"
@@ -2145,6 +2601,16 @@ mod tests {
         stats.increment_relay_idle_hard_close_total();
         stats.increment_relay_pressure_evict_total();
         stats.increment_relay_protocol_desync_close_total();
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batches_total();
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(3);
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(2048);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_flush_reason(crate::stats::MeD2cFlushReason::AckImmediate);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_data_frames_total();
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_ack_frames_total();
+        stats.add_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total(1800);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_write_mode(crate::stats::MeD2cWriteMode::Coalesced);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_quota_reject_total(crate::stats::MeD2cQuotaRejectStage::PostWrite);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink(4096);
         stats.increment_user_connects("alice");
         stats.increment_user_curr_connects("alice");
         stats.add_user_octets_from("alice", 1024);
@@ -2184,6 +2650,17 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(output.contains("telemt_relay_idle_hard_close_total 1"));
         assert!(output.contains("telemt_relay_pressure_evict_total 1"));
         assert!(output.contains("telemt_relay_protocol_desync_close_total 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_batches_total 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_total 3"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total 2048"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total{reason=\"ack_immediate\"} 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_data_frames_total 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_ack_frames_total 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total 1800"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_write_mode_total{mode=\"coalesced\"} 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_quota_reject_total{stage=\"post_write\"} 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total 1"));
+        assert!(output.contains("telemt_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total 4096"));
         assert!(output.contains("telemt_user_connections_total{user=\"alice\"} 1"));
         assert!(output.contains("telemt_user_connections_current{user=\"alice\"} 1"));
         assert!(output.contains("telemt_user_octets_from_client{user=\"alice\"} 1024"));
@@ -2245,6 +2722,11 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_relay_idle_hard_close_total counter"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_relay_pressure_evict_total counter"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_relay_protocol_desync_close_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batches_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_flush_reason_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_write_mode_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_total counter"));
+        assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_total counter"));
         assert!(output.contains("# TYPE telemt_me_writer_removed_total counter"));
         assert!(
             output

src/proxy/middle_relay.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::proxy::route_mode::{
     ROUTE_SWITCH_ERROR_MSG, RelayRouteMode, RouteCutoverState, affected_cutover_state,
     cutover_stagger_delay,
 };
-use crate::stats::Stats;
+use crate::stats::{MeD2cFlushReason, MeD2cQuotaRejectStage, MeD2cWriteMode, Stats};
 use crate::stream::{BufferPool, CryptoReader, CryptoWriter, PooledBuffer};
 use crate::transport::middle_proxy::{MePool, MeResponse, proto_flags_for_tag};
 
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ const C2ME_SEND_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(50);
 const C2ME_SEND_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
 const ME_D2C_FLUSH_BATCH_MAX_FRAMES_MIN: usize = 1;
 const ME_D2C_FLUSH_BATCH_MAX_BYTES_MIN: usize = 4096;
+const ME_D2C_FRAME_BUF_SHRINK_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR: usize = 2;
+const ME_D2C_SINGLE_WRITE_COALESCE_MAX_BYTES: usize = 128 * 1024;
 #[cfg(test)]
 const QUOTA_USER_LOCKS_MAX: usize = 64;
 #[cfg(not(test))]
@@ -214,6 +216,8 @@ struct MeD2cFlushPolicy {
     max_bytes: usize,
     max_delay: Duration,
     ack_flush_immediate: bool,
+    quota_soft_overshoot_bytes: u64,
+    frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes: usize,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
@@ -284,6 +288,11 @@ impl MeD2cFlushPolicy {
                 .max(ME_D2C_FLUSH_BATCH_MAX_BYTES_MIN),
             max_delay: Duration::from_micros(config.general.me_d2c_flush_batch_max_delay_us),
             ack_flush_immediate: config.general.me_d2c_ack_flush_immediate,
+            quota_soft_overshoot_bytes: config.general.me_quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
+            frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes: config
+                .general
+                .me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes
+                .max(4096),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -538,6 +547,76 @@ fn quota_would_be_exceeded_for_user(
     })
 }
 
+fn quota_soft_cap(limit: u64, overshoot: u64) -> u64 {
+    limit.saturating_add(overshoot)
+}
+
+fn quota_exceeded_for_user_soft(
+    stats: &Stats,
+    user: &str,
+    quota_limit: Option<u64>,
+    overshoot: u64,
+) -> bool {
+    quota_limit.is_some_and(|quota| stats.get_user_total_octets(user) >= quota_soft_cap(quota, overshoot))
+}
+
+fn quota_would_be_exceeded_for_user_soft(
+    stats: &Stats,
+    user: &str,
+    quota_limit: Option<u64>,
+    bytes: u64,
+    overshoot: u64,
+) -> bool {
+    quota_limit.is_some_and(|quota| {
+        let cap = quota_soft_cap(quota, overshoot);
+        let used = stats.get_user_total_octets(user);
+        used >= cap || bytes > cap.saturating_sub(used)
+    })
+}
+
+fn classify_me_d2c_flush_reason(
+    flush_immediately: bool,
+    batch_frames: usize,
+    max_frames: usize,
+    batch_bytes: usize,
+    max_bytes: usize,
+    max_delay_fired: bool,
+) -> MeD2cFlushReason {
+    if flush_immediately {
+        return MeD2cFlushReason::AckImmediate;
+    }
+    if batch_frames >= max_frames {
+        return MeD2cFlushReason::BatchFrames;
+    }
+    if batch_bytes >= max_bytes {
+        return MeD2cFlushReason::BatchBytes;
+    }
+    if max_delay_fired {
+        return MeD2cFlushReason::MaxDelay;
+    }
+    MeD2cFlushReason::QueueDrain
+}
+
+fn observe_me_d2c_flush_event(
+    stats: &Stats,
+    reason: MeD2cFlushReason,
+    batch_frames: usize,
+    batch_bytes: usize,
+    flush_duration_us: Option<u64>,
+) {
+    stats.increment_me_d2c_flush_reason(reason);
+    if batch_frames > 0 || batch_bytes > 0 {
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batches_total();
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(batch_frames as u64);
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(batch_bytes as u64);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_frames(batch_frames as u64);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_bytes(batch_bytes as u64);
+    }
+    if let Some(duration_us) = flush_duration_us {
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_flush_duration_us(duration_us);
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 fn quota_user_lock_test_guard() -> &'static Mutex<()> {
     static TEST_LOCK: OnceLock<Mutex<()>> = OnceLock::new();
@@ -774,6 +853,7 @@ where
                     let mut batch_frames = 0usize;
                     let mut batch_bytes = 0usize;
                     let mut flush_immediately;
+                    let mut max_delay_fired = false;
 
                     let first_is_downstream_activity =
                         matches!(&first, MeResponse::Data { .. } | MeResponse::Ack(_));
@@ -786,6 +866,7 @@ where
                         stats_clone.as_ref(),
                         &user_clone,
                         quota_limit,
+                        d2c_flush_policy.quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
                         bytes_me2c_clone.as_ref(),
                         conn_id,
                         d2c_flush_policy.ack_flush_immediate,
@@ -801,7 +882,25 @@ where
                             flush_immediately = immediate;
                         }
                         MeWriterResponseOutcome::Close => {
+                            let flush_started_at = if stats_clone.telemetry_policy().me_level.allows_debug() {
+                                Some(Instant::now())
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            };
                             let _ = writer.flush().await;
+                            let flush_duration_us = flush_started_at.map(|started| {
+                                started
+                                    .elapsed()
+                                    .as_micros()
+                                    .min(u128::from(u64::MAX)) as u64
+                            });
+                            observe_me_d2c_flush_event(
+                                stats_clone.as_ref(),
+                                MeD2cFlushReason::Close,
+                                batch_frames,
+                                batch_bytes,
+                                flush_duration_us,
+                            );
                             return Ok(());
                         }
                     }
@@ -825,6 +924,7 @@ where
                             stats_clone.as_ref(),
                             &user_clone,
                             quota_limit,
+                            d2c_flush_policy.quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
                             bytes_me2c_clone.as_ref(),
                             conn_id,
                             d2c_flush_policy.ack_flush_immediate,
@@ -840,7 +940,27 @@ where
                                 flush_immediately |= immediate;
                             }
                             MeWriterResponseOutcome::Close => {
+                                let flush_started_at =
+                                    if stats_clone.telemetry_policy().me_level.allows_debug() {
+                                        Some(Instant::now())
+                                    } else {
+                                        None
+                                    };
                                 let _ = writer.flush().await;
+                                let flush_duration_us = flush_started_at.map(|started| {
+                                    started
+                                        .elapsed()
+                                        .as_micros()
+                                        .min(u128::from(u64::MAX))
+                                        as u64
+                                });
+                                observe_me_d2c_flush_event(
+                                    stats_clone.as_ref(),
+                                    MeD2cFlushReason::Close,
+                                    batch_frames,
+                                    batch_bytes,
+                                    flush_duration_us,
+                                );
                                 return Ok(());
                             }
                         }
@@ -851,6 +971,7 @@ where
                         && batch_frames < d2c_flush_policy.max_frames
                         && batch_bytes < d2c_flush_policy.max_bytes
                     {
+                        stats_clone.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total();
                         match tokio::time::timeout(d2c_flush_policy.max_delay, me_rx_task.recv()).await {
                             Ok(Some(next)) => {
                                 let next_is_downstream_activity =
@@ -864,6 +985,7 @@ where
                                     stats_clone.as_ref(),
                                     &user_clone,
                                     quota_limit,
+                                    d2c_flush_policy.quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
                                     bytes_me2c_clone.as_ref(),
                                     conn_id,
                                     d2c_flush_policy.ack_flush_immediate,
@@ -879,7 +1001,30 @@ where
                                         flush_immediately |= immediate;
                                     }
                                     MeWriterResponseOutcome::Close => {
+                                        let flush_started_at = if stats_clone
+                                            .telemetry_policy()
+                                            .me_level
+                                            .allows_debug()
+                                        {
+                                            Some(Instant::now())
+                                        } else {
+                                            None
+                                        };
                                         let _ = writer.flush().await;
+                                        let flush_duration_us = flush_started_at.map(|started| {
+                                            started
+                                                .elapsed()
+                                                .as_micros()
+                                                .min(u128::from(u64::MAX))
+                                                as u64
+                                        });
+                                        observe_me_d2c_flush_event(
+                                            stats_clone.as_ref(),
+                                            MeD2cFlushReason::Close,
+                                            batch_frames,
+                                            batch_bytes,
+                                            flush_duration_us,
+                                        );
                                         return Ok(());
                                     }
                                 }
@@ -903,6 +1048,7 @@ where
                                         stats_clone.as_ref(),
                                         &user_clone,
                                         quota_limit,
+                                        d2c_flush_policy.quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
                                         bytes_me2c_clone.as_ref(),
                                         conn_id,
                                         d2c_flush_policy.ack_flush_immediate,
@@ -918,7 +1064,30 @@ where
                                             flush_immediately |= immediate;
                                         }
                                         MeWriterResponseOutcome::Close => {
+                                            let flush_started_at = if stats_clone
+                                                .telemetry_policy()
+                                                .me_level
+                                                .allows_debug()
+                                            {
+                                                Some(Instant::now())
+                                            } else {
+                                                None
+                                            };
                                             let _ = writer.flush().await;
+                                            let flush_duration_us = flush_started_at.map(|started| {
+                                                started
+                                                    .elapsed()
+                                                    .as_micros()
+                                                    .min(u128::from(u64::MAX))
+                                                    as u64
+                                            });
+                                            observe_me_d2c_flush_event(
+                                                stats_clone.as_ref(),
+                                                MeD2cFlushReason::Close,
+                                                batch_frames,
+                                                batch_bytes,
+                                                flush_duration_us,
+                                            );
                                             return Ok(());
                                         }
                                     }
@@ -928,11 +1097,50 @@ where
                                 debug!(conn_id, "ME channel closed");
                                 return Err(ProxyError::Proxy("ME connection lost".into()));
                             }
-                            Err(_) => {}
+                            Err(_) => {
+                                max_delay_fired = true;
+                                stats_clone.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total();
+                            }
                         }
                     }
 
+                    let flush_reason = classify_me_d2c_flush_reason(
+                        flush_immediately,
+                        batch_frames,
+                        d2c_flush_policy.max_frames,
+                        batch_bytes,
+                        d2c_flush_policy.max_bytes,
+                        max_delay_fired,
+                    );
+                    let flush_started_at = if stats_clone.telemetry_policy().me_level.allows_debug() {
+                        Some(Instant::now())
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
                     writer.flush().await.map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                    let flush_duration_us = flush_started_at.map(|started| {
+                        started
+                            .elapsed()
+                            .as_micros()
+                            .min(u128::from(u64::MAX)) as u64
+                    });
+                    observe_me_d2c_flush_event(
+                        stats_clone.as_ref(),
+                        flush_reason,
+                        batch_frames,
+                        batch_bytes,
+                        flush_duration_us,
+                    );
+                    let shrink_threshold = d2c_flush_policy.frame_buf_shrink_threshold_bytes;
+                    let shrink_trigger = shrink_threshold
+                        .saturating_mul(ME_D2C_FRAME_BUF_SHRINK_HYSTERESIS_FACTOR);
+                    if frame_buf.capacity() > shrink_trigger {
+                        let cap_before = frame_buf.capacity();
+                        frame_buf.shrink_to(shrink_threshold);
+                        let cap_after = frame_buf.capacity();
+                        let bytes_freed = cap_before.saturating_sub(cap_after) as u64;
+                        stats_clone.observe_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink(bytes_freed);
+                    }
                 }
                 _ = &mut stop_rx => {
                     debug!(conn_id, "ME writer stop signal");
@@ -1482,6 +1690,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response<W>(
     stats: &Stats,
     user: &str,
     quota_limit: Option<u64>,
+    quota_soft_overshoot_bytes: u64,
     bytes_me2c: &AtomicU64,
     conn_id: u64,
     ack_flush_immediate: bool,
@@ -1498,31 +1707,39 @@ where
                 trace!(conn_id, bytes = data.len(), flags, "ME->C data");
             }
             let data_len = data.len() as u64;
-            if let Some(limit) = quota_limit {
-                let quota_lock = quota_user_lock(user);
-                let _quota_guard = quota_lock.lock().await;
-                if quota_would_be_exceeded_for_user(stats, user, Some(limit), data_len) {
-                    return Err(ProxyError::DataQuotaExceeded {
-                        user: user.to_string(),
-                    });
-                }
+            if quota_would_be_exceeded_for_user_soft(
+                stats,
+                user,
+                quota_limit,
+                data_len,
+                quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
+            ) {
+                stats.increment_me_d2c_quota_reject_total(MeD2cQuotaRejectStage::PreWrite);
+                return Err(ProxyError::DataQuotaExceeded {
+                    user: user.to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+
+            let write_mode =
                 write_client_payload(client_writer, proto_tag, flags, &data, rng, frame_buf)
                     .await?;
+            stats.increment_me_d2c_write_mode(write_mode);
 
-                bytes_me2c.fetch_add(data.len() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                stats.add_user_octets_to(user, data.len() as u64);
+            bytes_me2c.fetch_add(data.len() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            stats.add_user_octets_to(user, data.len() as u64);
+            stats.increment_me_d2c_data_frames_total();
+            stats.add_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total(data.len() as u64);
 
-                if quota_exceeded_for_user(stats, user, Some(limit)) {
-                    return Err(ProxyError::DataQuotaExceeded {
-                        user: user.to_string(),
-                    });
-                }
-            } else {
-                write_client_payload(client_writer, proto_tag, flags, &data, rng, frame_buf)
-                    .await?;
-
-                bytes_me2c.fetch_add(data.len() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                stats.add_user_octets_to(user, data.len() as u64);
+            if quota_exceeded_for_user_soft(
+                stats,
+                user,
+                quota_limit,
+                quota_soft_overshoot_bytes,
+            ) {
+                stats.increment_me_d2c_quota_reject_total(MeD2cQuotaRejectStage::PostWrite);
+                return Err(ProxyError::DataQuotaExceeded {
+                    user: user.to_string(),
+                });
             }
 
             Ok(MeWriterResponseOutcome::Continue {
@@ -1538,6 +1755,7 @@ where
                 trace!(conn_id, confirm, "ME->C quickack");
             }
             write_client_ack(client_writer, proto_tag, confirm).await?;
+            stats.increment_me_d2c_ack_frames_total();
 
             Ok(MeWriterResponseOutcome::Continue {
                 frames: 1,
@@ -1588,13 +1806,13 @@ async fn write_client_payload<W>(
     data: &[u8],
     rng: &SecureRandom,
     frame_buf: &mut Vec<u8>,
-) -> Result<()>
+) -> Result<MeD2cWriteMode>
 where
     W: AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'static,
 {
     let quickack = (flags & RPC_FLAG_QUICKACK) != 0;
 
-    match proto_tag {
+    let write_mode = match proto_tag {
         ProtoTag::Abridged => {
             if !data.len().is_multiple_of(4) {
                 return Err(ProxyError::Proxy(format!(
@@ -1609,28 +1827,46 @@ where
                 if quickack {
                     first |= 0x80;
                 }
-                frame_buf.clear();
-                frame_buf.reserve(1 + data.len());
-                frame_buf.push(first);
-                frame_buf.extend_from_slice(data);
-                client_writer
-                    .write_all(frame_buf)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                let wire_len = 1usize.saturating_add(data.len());
+                if wire_len <= ME_D2C_SINGLE_WRITE_COALESCE_MAX_BYTES {
+                    frame_buf.clear();
+                    frame_buf.reserve(wire_len);
+                    frame_buf.push(first);
+                    frame_buf.extend_from_slice(data);
+                    client_writer
+                        .write_all(frame_buf.as_slice())
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                    MeD2cWriteMode::Coalesced
+                } else {
+                    let header = [first];
+                    client_writer.write_all(&header).await.map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                    client_writer.write_all(data).await.map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                    MeD2cWriteMode::Split
+                }
             } else if len_words < (1 << 24) {
                 let mut first = 0x7fu8;
                 if quickack {
                     first |= 0x80;
                 }
                 let lw = (len_words as u32).to_le_bytes();
-                frame_buf.clear();
-                frame_buf.reserve(4 + data.len());
-                frame_buf.extend_from_slice(&[first, lw[0], lw[1], lw[2]]);
-                frame_buf.extend_from_slice(data);
-                client_writer
-                    .write_all(frame_buf)
-                    .await
-                    .map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                let wire_len = 4usize.saturating_add(data.len());
+                if wire_len <= ME_D2C_SINGLE_WRITE_COALESCE_MAX_BYTES {
+                    frame_buf.clear();
+                    frame_buf.reserve(wire_len);
+                    frame_buf.extend_from_slice(&[first, lw[0], lw[1], lw[2]]);
+                    frame_buf.extend_from_slice(data);
+                    client_writer
+                        .write_all(frame_buf.as_slice())
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                    MeD2cWriteMode::Coalesced
+                } else {
+                    let header = [first, lw[0], lw[1], lw[2]];
+                    client_writer.write_all(&header).await.map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                    client_writer.write_all(data).await.map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                    MeD2cWriteMode::Split
+                }
             } else {
                 return Err(ProxyError::Proxy(format!(
                     "Abridged frame too large: {}",
@@ -1650,25 +1886,46 @@ where
             } else {
                 0
             };
+
             let (len_val, total) =
                 compute_intermediate_secure_wire_len(data.len(), padding_len, quickack)?;
-            frame_buf.clear();
-            frame_buf.reserve(total);
-            frame_buf.extend_from_slice(&len_val.to_le_bytes());
-            frame_buf.extend_from_slice(data);
-            if padding_len > 0 {
-                let start = frame_buf.len();
-                frame_buf.resize(start + padding_len, 0);
-                rng.fill(&mut frame_buf[start..]);
+            if total <= ME_D2C_SINGLE_WRITE_COALESCE_MAX_BYTES {
+                frame_buf.clear();
+                frame_buf.reserve(total);
+                frame_buf.extend_from_slice(&len_val.to_le_bytes());
+                frame_buf.extend_from_slice(data);
+                if padding_len > 0 {
+                    let start = frame_buf.len();
+                    frame_buf.resize(start + padding_len, 0);
+                    rng.fill(&mut frame_buf[start..]);
+                }
+                client_writer
+                    .write_all(frame_buf.as_slice())
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                MeD2cWriteMode::Coalesced
+            } else {
+                let header = len_val.to_le_bytes();
+                client_writer.write_all(&header).await.map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                client_writer.write_all(data).await.map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                if padding_len > 0 {
+                    frame_buf.clear();
+                    if frame_buf.capacity() < padding_len {
+                        frame_buf.reserve(padding_len);
+                    }
+                    frame_buf.resize(padding_len, 0);
+                    rng.fill(frame_buf.as_mut_slice());
+                    client_writer
+                        .write_all(frame_buf.as_slice())
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
+                }
+                MeD2cWriteMode::Split
             }
-            client_writer
-                .write_all(frame_buf)
-                .await
-                .map_err(ProxyError::Io)?;
         }
-    }
+    };
 
-    Ok(())
+    Ok(write_mode)
 }
 
 async fn write_client_ack<W>(

src/proxy/tests/middle_relay_security_tests.rs

@@ -1540,6 +1540,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response_ack_obeys_flush_policy() {
         &stats,
         "user",
         None,
+        0,
         &bytes_me2c,
         77,
         true,
@@ -1566,6 +1567,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response_ack_obeys_flush_policy() {
         &stats,
         "user",
         None,
+        0,
         &bytes_me2c,
         77,
         false,
@@ -1606,6 +1608,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response_data_updates_byte_accounting() {
         &stats,
         "user",
         None,
+        0,
         &bytes_me2c,
         88,
         false,
@@ -1652,6 +1655,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response_data_enforces_live_user_quota() {
         &stats,
         "quota-user",
         Some(12),
+        0,
         &bytes_me2c,
         89,
         false,
@@ -1700,6 +1704,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response_concurrent_same_user_quota_does_not_overshoo
         &stats,
         user,
         Some(1),
+        0,
         &bytes_me2c,
         91,
         false,
@@ -1717,6 +1722,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response_concurrent_same_user_quota_does_not_overshoo
         &stats,
         user,
         Some(1),
+        0,
         &bytes_me2c,
         92,
         false,
@@ -1765,6 +1771,7 @@ async fn process_me_writer_response_data_does_not_forward_partial_payload_when_r
         &stats,
         "partial-quota-user",
         Some(4),
+        0,
         &bytes_me2c,
         90,
         false,
@@ -1970,6 +1977,7 @@ async fn run_quota_race_attempt(
         stats,
         user,
         Some(1),
+        0,
         bytes_me2c,
         conn_id,
         false,

src/stats/mod.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,28 @@ enum RouteConnectionGauge {
     Middle,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum MeD2cFlushReason {
+    QueueDrain,
+    BatchFrames,
+    BatchBytes,
+    MaxDelay,
+    AckImmediate,
+    Close,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum MeD2cWriteMode {
+    Coalesced,
+    Split,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum MeD2cQuotaRejectStage {
+    PreWrite,
+    PostWrite,
+}
+
 #[must_use = "RouteConnectionLease must be kept alive to hold the connection gauge increment"]
 pub struct RouteConnectionLease {
     stats: Arc<Stats>,
@@ -140,6 +162,44 @@ pub struct Stats {
     me_route_drop_queue_full: AtomicU64,
     me_route_drop_queue_full_base: AtomicU64,
     me_route_drop_queue_full_high: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batches_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_frames_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_bytes_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_reason_close_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_data_frames_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_ack_frames_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_payload_bytes_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_write_mode_split_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_1: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_2_4: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_5_8: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_9_16: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_17_32: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_gt_32: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_0_1k: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_1k_4k: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_4k_16k: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_16k_64k: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_64k_128k: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_gt_128k: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_0_50: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_51_200: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_201_1000: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_1001_5000: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_5001_20000: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_gt_20000: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total: AtomicU64,
+    me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total: AtomicU64,
     me_writer_pick_sorted_rr_success_try_total: AtomicU64,
     me_writer_pick_sorted_rr_success_fallback_total: AtomicU64,
     me_writer_pick_sorted_rr_full_total: AtomicU64,
@@ -594,6 +654,215 @@ impl Stats {
                 .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
         }
     }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_batches_total(&self) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            self.me_d2c_batches_total.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn add_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(&self, frames: u64) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            self.me_d2c_batch_frames_total
+                .fetch_add(frames, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn add_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(&self, bytes: u64) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_total
+                .fetch_add(bytes, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_flush_reason(&self, reason: MeD2cFlushReason) {
+        if !self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            return;
+        }
+        match reason {
+            MeD2cFlushReason::QueueDrain => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            MeD2cFlushReason::BatchFrames => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            MeD2cFlushReason::BatchBytes => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            MeD2cFlushReason::MaxDelay => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            MeD2cFlushReason::AckImmediate => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            MeD2cFlushReason::Close => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_reason_close_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_data_frames_total(&self) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            self.me_d2c_data_frames_total.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_ack_frames_total(&self) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            self.me_d2c_ack_frames_total.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn add_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total(&self, bytes: u64) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            self.me_d2c_payload_bytes_total
+                .fetch_add(bytes, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_write_mode(&self, mode: MeD2cWriteMode) {
+        if !self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            return;
+        }
+        match mode {
+            MeD2cWriteMode::Coalesced => {
+                self.me_d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            MeD2cWriteMode::Split => {
+                self.me_d2c_write_mode_split_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_quota_reject_total(&self, stage: MeD2cQuotaRejectStage) {
+        if !self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            return;
+        }
+        match stage {
+            MeD2cQuotaRejectStage::PreWrite => {
+                self.me_d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            MeD2cQuotaRejectStage::PostWrite => {
+                self.me_d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn observe_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink(&self, bytes_freed: u64) {
+        if !self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total
+            .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total
+            .fetch_add(bytes_freed, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+    pub fn observe_me_d2c_batch_frames(&self, frames: u64) {
+        if !self.telemetry_me_allows_debug() {
+            return;
+        }
+        match frames {
+            0 => {}
+            1 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_1
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            2..=4 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_2_4
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            5..=8 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_5_8
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            9..=16 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_9_16
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            17..=32 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_17_32
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_gt_32
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn observe_me_d2c_batch_bytes(&self, bytes: u64) {
+        if !self.telemetry_me_allows_debug() {
+            return;
+        }
+        match bytes {
+            0..=1024 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_0_1k
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            1025..=4096 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_1k_4k
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            4097..=16_384 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_4k_16k
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            16_385..=65_536 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_16k_64k
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            65_537..=131_072 => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_64k_128k
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_gt_128k
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn observe_me_d2c_flush_duration_us(&self, duration_us: u64) {
+        if !self.telemetry_me_allows_debug() {
+            return;
+        }
+        match duration_us {
+            0..=50 => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_0_50
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            51..=200 => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_51_200
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            201..=1000 => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_201_1000
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            1001..=5000 => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_1001_5000
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            5001..=20_000 => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_5001_20000
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+            _ => {
+                self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_gt_20000
+                    .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total(&self) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_debug() {
+            self.me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total
+                .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total(&self) {
+        if self.telemetry_me_allows_debug() {
+            self.me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total
+                .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
     pub fn increment_me_writer_pick_success_try_total(&self, mode: MeWriterPickMode) {
         if !self.telemetry_me_allows_normal() {
             return;
@@ -1229,6 +1498,142 @@ impl Stats {
     pub fn get_me_route_drop_queue_full_high(&self) -> u64 {
         self.me_route_drop_queue_full_high.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batches_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batches_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_frames_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_frames_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_reason_max_delay_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_reason_ack_immediate_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_reason_close_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_reason_close_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_data_frames_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_data_frames_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_ack_frames_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_ack_frames_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_payload_bytes_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_payload_bytes_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_write_mode_split_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_write_mode_split_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_quota_reject_post_write_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_bytes_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_1(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_1.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_2_4(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_2_4.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_5_8(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_5_8.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_9_16(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_9_16.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_17_32(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_17_32
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_gt_32(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_gt_32
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_0_1k(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_0_1k.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_1k_4k(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_1k_4k.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_4k_16k(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_4k_16k.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_16k_64k(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_16k_64k
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_64k_128k(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_64k_128k
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_gt_128k(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_gt_128k
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_0_50(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_0_50
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_51_200(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_51_200
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_201_1000(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_201_1000
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_1001_5000(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_1001_5000
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_5001_20000(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_5001_20000
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_gt_20000(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_gt_20000
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+    pub fn get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total
+            .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
     pub fn get_me_writer_pick_sorted_rr_success_try_total(&self) -> u64 {
         self.me_writer_pick_sorted_rr_success_try_total
             .load(Ordering::Relaxed)
@@ -1898,9 +2303,83 @@ mod tests {
         stats.increment_me_crc_mismatch();
         stats.increment_me_keepalive_sent();
         stats.increment_me_route_drop_queue_full();
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batches_total();
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(4);
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(4096);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_flush_reason(MeD2cFlushReason::BatchBytes);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_write_mode(MeD2cWriteMode::Coalesced);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_quota_reject_total(MeD2cQuotaRejectStage::PreWrite);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink(1024);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_frames(4);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_bytes(4096);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_flush_duration_us(120);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total();
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total();
         assert_eq!(stats.get_me_crc_mismatch(), 0);
         assert_eq!(stats.get_me_keepalive_sent(), 0);
         assert_eq!(stats.get_me_route_drop_queue_full(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batches_total(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_batch_bytes_total(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_write_mode_coalesced_total(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_quota_reject_pre_write_total(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_frame_buf_shrink_total(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_2_4(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_1k_4k(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_51_200(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_telemetry_policy_me_normal_blocks_d2c_debug_metrics() {
+        let stats = Stats::new();
+        stats.apply_telemetry_policy(TelemetryPolicy {
+            core_enabled: true,
+            user_enabled: true,
+            me_level: MeTelemetryLevel::Normal,
+        });
+
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batches_total();
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(2);
+        stats.add_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(2048);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_flush_reason(MeD2cFlushReason::QueueDrain);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_frames(2);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_bytes(2048);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_flush_duration_us(100);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total();
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total();
+
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batches_total(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_total(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_total(), 2048);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_flush_reason_queue_drain_total(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_2_4(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_1k_4k(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_51_200(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_telemetry_policy_me_debug_enables_d2c_debug_metrics() {
+        let stats = Stats::new();
+        stats.apply_telemetry_policy(TelemetryPolicy {
+            core_enabled: true,
+            user_enabled: true,
+            me_level: MeTelemetryLevel::Debug,
+        });
+
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_frames(7);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_batch_bytes(70_000);
+        stats.observe_me_d2c_flush_duration_us(1400);
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total();
+        stats.increment_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total();
+
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_frames_bucket_5_8(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_bytes_bucket_64k_128k(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_flush_duration_us_bucket_1001_5000(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_armed_total(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(stats.get_me_d2c_batch_timeout_fired_total(), 1);
     }
 
     #[test]

src/transport/middle_proxy/reader.rs

@@ -126,14 +126,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn reader_loop(
                 let data = body.slice(12..);
                 trace!(cid, flags, len = data.len(), "RPC_PROXY_ANS");
 
-                let data_wait_ms = reader_route_data_wait_ms.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-                let routed = if data_wait_ms == 0 {
-                    reg.route_nowait(cid, MeResponse::Data { flags, data })
-                        .await
-                } else {
-                    reg.route_with_timeout(cid, MeResponse::Data { flags, data }, data_wait_ms)
-                        .await
-                };
+                let route_wait_ms = reader_route_data_wait_ms.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+                let routed = reg
+                    .route_with_timeout(cid, MeResponse::Data { flags, data }, route_wait_ms)
+                    .await;
                 if !matches!(routed, RouteResult::Routed) {
                     match routed {
                         RouteResult::NoConn => stats.increment_me_route_drop_no_conn(),