fix(pools): retain authoritative copies until bulk cleanup succeeds

Resolve each addressed version under the shared write lock, keep bulk I/O parallel within cleanup and authoritative-deletion stages, and preserve replication response identity on errors. Treat reliable absence as successful physical cleanup on retries without accepting it for marker or replication-state writes.

Cover execution-time faults, partial cleanup recovery, mixed authoritative pools, response identity, null marker ordering, metadata uncertainty, cancellation, and concurrent PUT. Run the delete consistency regressions under race in CI.

Signed-off-by: Feng Ruohang <rh@vonng.com>

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run conditional PUT tests under race detector
         run: go test -race ./cmd -run '^Test(PoolsConditionalPut|SinglePoolConditionalPutHTTP)' -count=1 -timeout=5m
 
+      - name: Run multi-pool delete consistency tests under race detector
+        run: go test -race ./cmd -run '^Test(Pools(Delete|BulkDelete)|BulkDeleteQuorumEvidence)' -count=1 -timeout=5m
+
       - name: Run multipart listing, cancellation and cleanup tests under race detector
         env:
           MINIO_API_REQUESTS_MAX: "10000"

cmd/erasure-object.go

@@ -1891,6 +1891,23 @@ func (er erasureObjects) DeleteObjects(ctx context.Context, bucket string, objec
 				if err == nil {
 					continue
 				}
+				if err == errFileNotFound || err == errFileVersionNotFound {
+					// A retry after partial physical deletion may mix removals
+					// with already-absent replies. Both prove the desired outcome.
+					// Marker creation and replication-state updates still require
+					// successful writes; absence cannot acknowledge those operations.
+					physical := true
+					for _, v := range dedupVersions[i].Versions {
+						if v.Deleted || v.MarkDeleted || v.ReplicationState.ReplicationStatusInternal != "" ||
+							v.ReplicationState.VersionPurgeStatusInternal != "" || v.ReplicationState.ReplicaStatus != "" {
+							physical = false
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if physical {
+						continue
+					}
+				}
 				for _, v := range dedupVersions[i].Versions {
 					delObjErrs[index][v.Idx] = err
 				}

cmd/erasure-server-pool-consistency.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	madmin "github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3"
 	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/bucket/lifecycle"
 	xhttp "github.com/minio/minio/internal/http"
+	"github.com/pgsty/silo-pkg/v3/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
 // objectPoolInfos reads the addressed version in every pool, including pools
@@ -533,3 +534,85 @@ func (z *erasureServerPools) deleteObjectReconciled(ctx context.Context, bucket,
 	oi.replicationDecision = opts.DeleteReplication.ReplicateDecisionStr
 	return oi, err
 }
+
+// deleteObjectsReconciled removes data while retaining each item's authoritative
+// copy until every other pool has completed its cleanup. The caller holds the
+// pools-layer write locks and separates marker creation from this batch.
+func (z *erasureServerPools) deleteObjectsReconciled(ctx context.Context, bucket string, objects []ObjectToDelete, opts ObjectOptions) ([]DeletedObject, []error) {
+	deleted := make([]DeletedObject, len(objects))
+	errs := make([]error, len(objects))
+	primary := make([]int, len(objects))
+	lookup := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(objects)).WithConcurrency(32)
+	for i, obj := range objects {
+		// Preserve the full request identity even if lookup or cleanup fails.
+		// The HTTP handler includes replication state in its response-index key.
+		deleted[i] = DeletedObject{
+			ObjectName:       obj.ObjectName,
+			VersionID:        obj.VersionID,
+			ReplicationState: obj.ReplicationState(),
+		}
+		primary[i] = -1
+		lookup.Go(func() error {
+			copies, err := z.objectPoolInfos(ctx, bucket, obj.ObjectName, ObjectOptions{VersionID: obj.VersionID, NoAuditLog: true})
+			if err == nil {
+				primary[i] = copies[0].Index
+			} else if !isErrObjectNotFound(err) && !isErrVersionNotFound(err) {
+				if isErrReadQuorum(err) {
+					err = InsufficientWriteQuorum{Bucket: bucket, Object: decodeDirObject(obj.ObjectName)}
+				}
+				errs[i] = err
+			}
+			return nil
+		}, i)
+	}
+	lookup.Wait()
+
+	type poolBatch struct {
+		objects []ObjectToDelete
+		indices []int
+		deleted []DeletedObject
+		errs    []error
+	}
+	for phase := 0; phase < 2; phase++ {
+		batches := make([]poolBatch, len(z.serverPools))
+		for i, obj := range objects {
+			if errs[i] != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for p := range z.serverPools {
+				if (p == primary[i]) != (phase == 1) {
+					continue
+				}
+				batches[p].objects = append(batches[p].objects, obj)
+				batches[p].indices = append(batches[p].indices, i)
+			}
+		}
+		// Each phase still uses the set layer's bulk disk I/O and runs pools
+		// concurrently. Include apparently absent pools in cleanup: read-quorum
+		// absence is not proof that an offline drive holds no remaining copy.
+		group := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(z.serverPools))
+		for p, pool := range z.serverPools {
+			if len(batches[p].objects) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			group.Go(func() error {
+				batches[p].deleted, batches[p].errs = pool.DeleteObjects(ctx, bucket, batches[p].objects, opts)
+				return nil
+			}, p)
+		}
+		group.Wait()
+		for _, batch := range batches {
+			for j, i := range batch.indices {
+				if errs[i] != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				if batch.errs[j] != nil {
+					errs[i] = batch.errs[j]
+				} else if phase == 1 || primary[i] == -1 {
+					deleted[i] = batch.deleted[j]
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return deleted, errs
+}

cmd/erasure-server-pool-delete_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Feng Ruohang
+//
+// This file is part of Silo Object Storage stack
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	minio "github.com/minio/minio-go/v7"
+)
+
+func bulkDeletePools(t *testing.T, n int) (*erasureServerPools, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	dirs, err := getRandomDisks(4 * n)
+	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var endpoints EndpointServerPools
+	for i := range n {
+		endpoints = append(endpoints, mustGetPoolEndpoints(i, dirs[4*i:4*i+4]...)...)
+	}
+	obj, _, err := initObjectLayer(ctx, endpoints)
+	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
+		removeRoots(dirs)
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	z := obj.(*erasureServerPools)
+	previous := newObjectLayerFn()
+	setObjectLayer(z)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { cancel(); z.Shutdown(context.Background()); removeRoots(dirs); setObjectLayer(previous) })
+	bucket := "bulk-delete-consistency"
+	if err := z.MakeBucket(ctx, bucket, MakeBucketOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return z, bucket
+}
+
+func bulkDeleteBody(t *testing.T, z *erasureServerPools, bucket, object, version string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	r, err := z.GetObjectNInfo(t.Context(), bucket, object, nil, nil, ObjectOptions{VersionID: version})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return string(body)
+}
+
+// All drives are online and all metadata reads succeed. Failure starts inside
+// DeleteVersions, after any preflight. Count attempts to delete the latest copy
+// instead of waiting for them: a safe implementation must never make that call.
+type bulkDeleteFaultDisk struct {
+	StorageAPI
+	bucket, object, mode string
+	fail, latest         bool
+	failed, attempted    *atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (d bulkDeleteFaultDisk) DeleteVersions(ctx context.Context, bucket string, versions []FileInfoVersions, opts DeleteOptions) []error {
+	if bucket != d.bucket {
+		return d.StorageAPI.DeleteVersions(ctx, bucket, versions, opts)
+	}
+	errs := make([]error, len(versions))
+	for i, v := range versions {
+		if v.Name != d.object {
+			errs[i] = d.StorageAPI.DeleteVersions(ctx, bucket, []FileInfoVersions{v}, opts)[0]
+			continue
+		}
+		if d.latest {
+			d.attempted.Add(1)
+		}
+		if !d.fail {
+			errs[i] = d.StorageAPI.DeleteVersions(ctx, bucket, []FileInfoVersions{v}, opts)[0]
+			continue
+		}
+		d.failed.Add(1)
+		switch d.mode {
+		case "eio":
+			errs[i] = syscall.EIO
+		case "disconnect":
+			errs[i] = errDiskNotFound
+		case "permission":
+			meta := filepath.Join(d.String(), bucket, v.Name, xlStorageFormatFile)
+			info, err := os.Stat(meta)
+			if err == nil {
+				err = os.Chmod(meta, 0)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				errs[i] = err
+				continue
+			}
+			errs[i] = d.StorageAPI.DeleteVersions(ctx, bucket, []FileInfoVersions{v}, opts)[0]
+			if err := os.Chmod(meta, info.Mode()); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
+func requireBulkDeletePermissionFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	probe := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "permission-probe")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(probe, []byte("metadata"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chmod(probe, 0); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot inject filesystem permissions: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, err := os.ReadFile(probe)
+	if restoreErr := os.Chmod(probe, 0o600); restoreErr != nil {
+		t.Fatal(restoreErr)
+	}
+	if !os.IsPermission(err) {
+		t.Skip("this user/filesystem can read mode-000 files")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPoolsBulkDeleteKeepsLatestOnIOFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, mode := range []string{"eio", "disconnect", "permission"} {
+		for _, n := range []int{2, 3} {
+			for primary := range n {
+				for _, kind := range []string{"unversioned", "null", "uuid"} {
+					t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/pools=%d/primary=%d/%s", mode, n, primary, kind), func(t *testing.T) {
+						if mode == "permission" {
+							requireBulkDeletePermissionFailure(t)
+						}
+						z, bucket := bulkDeletePools(t, n)
+						object, old := "target", (primary+1)%n
+						opts := ObjectOptions{MTime: UTCNow().Add(-time.Hour), MaxParity: true}
+						oldBody := "old"
+						if kind == "uuid" {
+							opts.Versioned, opts.VersionID, oldBody = true, mustGetUUID(), "latest"
+						}
+						putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, old, oldBody, opts)
+						opts.MTime = opts.MTime.Add(time.Minute)
+						latest := putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, primary, "latest", opts)
+						version := opts.VersionID
+						if kind == "null" {
+							version = nullVersionID
+						}
+						for _, key := range []string{"before", "after"} {
+							putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, key, primary, "unrelated", ObjectOptions{})
+						}
+						var failed, attempted atomic.Int32
+						var restore []func()
+						for _, p := range []int{old, primary} {
+							set := z.serverPools[p].getHashedSet(object)
+							original := set.getDisks
+							disks := append([]StorageAPI(nil), original()...)
+							for i, disk := range disks {
+								disks[i] = bulkDeleteFaultDisk{StorageAPI: disk, bucket: bucket, object: object, mode: mode, fail: p == old, latest: p == primary, failed: &failed, attempted: &attempted}
+							}
+							set.getDisks = func() []StorageAPI { return disks }
+							restore = append(restore, func() { set.getDisks = original })
+						}
+						defer func() {
+							for _, f := range restore {
+								f()
+							}
+						}()
+						objects := []ObjectToDelete{{ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: "before"}}, {ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: object, VersionID: version}}, {ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: "after"}}}
+						deleted, errs := z.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), bucket, objects, ObjectOptions{})
+						if failed.Load() != 4 || attempted.Load() != 0 {
+							t.Errorf("cleanup failures=%d; latest deletion attempts=%d, want 4/0", failed.Load(), attempted.Load())
+						}
+						if errs[1] == nil {
+							t.Error("cleanup failure was reported as success")
+						}
+						for _, i := range []int{0, 2} {
+							if errs[i] != nil || deleted[i].ObjectName != objects[i].ObjectName {
+								t.Errorf("unrelated item %d: %+v, %v", i, deleted[i], errs[i])
+							}
+						}
+						if body := bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, version); body != "latest" {
+							t.Errorf("GET during failure=%q", body)
+						}
+						for _, f := range restore {
+							f()
+						}
+						if body := bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, version); body != "latest" {
+							t.Errorf("GET after recovery=%q", body)
+						}
+						listed, err := z.ListObjectVersions(t.Context(), bucket, object, "", "", "", 100)
+						if err != nil || len(listed.Objects) != 1 || listed.Objects[0].ETag != latest.ETag {
+							t.Errorf("recovered versions=%+v, %v", listed.Objects, err)
+						}
+						_, retry := z.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), bucket, objects[1:2], ObjectOptions{})
+						if retry[0] != nil {
+							t.Fatal(retry[0])
+						}
+						_, err = z.GetObjectInfo(t.Context(), bucket, object, ObjectOptions{VersionID: version})
+						if !isErrObjectNotFound(err) && !isErrVersionNotFound(err) {
+							t.Errorf("retry retained the object: %v", err)
+						}
+					})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPoolsBulkDeleteReplicationIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	z, _ := bulkDeletePools(t, 2)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	defer cancel()
+	bucket, router, err := initAPIHandlerTest(ctx, z, nil, MakeBucketOptions{VersioningEnabled: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	remote := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		t.Error("unexpected outbound replication for a failed deletion")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	}))
+	defer remote.Close()
+	client, err := minio.New(strings.TrimPrefix(remote.URL, "http://"), &minio.Options{Region: "us-east-1", MaxRetries: 1})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, restoreReplication := r5ReplicationFixture(t, z, bucket, client)
+	defer restoreReplication()
+	versions := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, key := range []string{"first", "second"} {
+		v := putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, key, 0, "payload", ObjectOptions{Versioned: true, MTime: UTCNow().Add(-time.Hour)})
+		putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, key, 1, "payload", ObjectOptions{Versioned: true, VersionID: v.VersionID, MTime: v.ModTime})
+		versions[key] = v.VersionID
+	}
+	set := z.serverPools[0].getHashedSet("first")
+	original := set.getDisks
+	disks := append([]StorageAPI(nil), original()...)
+	disks[0], disks[1] = nil, nil
+	set.getDisks = func() []StorageAPI { return disks }
+	defer func() { set.getDisks = original }()
+	body := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("<Delete><Object><Key>first</Key><VersionId>%s</VersionId></Object><Object><Key>second</Key><VersionId>%s</VersionId></Object></Delete>", versions["first"], versions["second"]))
+	req, err := newTestSignedRequestV4(http.MethodPost, getMultiDeleteObjectURL("", bucket), int64(len(body)), bytes.NewReader(body), globalActiveCred.AccessKey, globalActiveCred.SecretKey, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	var result struct {
+		Errors []struct {
+			Key, Code string
+			VersionID string `xml:"VersionId"`
+		} `xml:"Error"`
+		Deleted []struct{ Key string } `xml:"Deleted"`
+	}
+	if err := xml.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK || len(result.Errors) != 2 || len(result.Deleted) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("lost response identity: HTTP %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	for _, e := range result.Errors {
+		if versions[e.Key] == "" || e.VersionID != versions[e.Key] || e.Code != "SlowDownWrite" {
+			t.Errorf("incorrect error identity: %+v", e)
+		}
+		delete(versions, e.Key)
+	}
+	if len(versions) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("missing errors: %v", versions)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPoolsBulkDeleteNullBeforeMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, n := range []int{1, 2, 3} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("pools=%d", n), func(t *testing.T) {
+			z, bucket := bulkDeletePools(t, n)
+			object := "suspended"
+			history := putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, 0, "history", ObjectOptions{Versioned: true, MTime: UTCNow().Add(-time.Hour)})
+			for p := range n {
+				putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, p, "null", ObjectOptions{MTime: UTCNow().Add(-time.Duration(p+1) * time.Minute)})
+			}
+			objects := []ObjectToDelete{{ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: object}}, {ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: object, VersionID: nullVersionID}}}
+			deleted, errs := z.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), bucket, objects, ObjectOptions{VersionSuspended: true})
+			if errs[0] != nil || errs[1] != nil || !deleted[0].DeleteMarker || deleted[1].VersionID != nullVersionID {
+				t.Fatalf("results=%+v errors=%v", deleted, errs)
+			}
+			info, err := z.GetObjectInfo(t.Context(), bucket, object, ObjectOptions{})
+			if !info.DeleteMarker || !isErrObjectNotFound(err) {
+				t.Errorf("replacement null marker lost: %+v, %v", info, err)
+			}
+			if body := bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, history.VersionID); body != "history" {
+				t.Errorf("UUID history changed: %q", body)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPoolsBulkDeletePartialCleanupRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, kind := range []string{"unversioned", "null", "uuid"} {
+		t.Run(kind, func(t *testing.T) {
+			z, bucket := bulkDeletePools(t, 2)
+			object := "partial-cleanup"
+			opts := ObjectOptions{MTime: UTCNow().Add(-time.Hour)}
+			oldBody := "old"
+			if kind == "uuid" {
+				opts.Versioned, opts.VersionID, oldBody = true, mustGetUUID(), "latest"
+			}
+			putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, 0, oldBody, opts)
+			opts.MTime = UTCNow()
+			putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, 1, "latest", opts)
+			version := opts.VersionID
+			if kind == "null" {
+				version = nullVersionID
+			}
+			set := z.serverPools[0].getHashedSet(object)
+			original := set.getDisks
+			disks := append([]StorageAPI(nil), original()...)
+			var failed, attempted atomic.Int32
+			for i := range 2 {
+				disks[i] = bulkDeleteFaultDisk{StorageAPI: disks[i], bucket: bucket, object: object, mode: "eio", fail: true, failed: &failed, attempted: &attempted}
+			}
+			set.getDisks = func() []StorageAPI { return disks }
+			defer func() { set.getDisks = original }()
+			objects := []ObjectToDelete{{ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: object, VersionID: version}}}
+			_, errs := z.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), bucket, objects, ObjectOptions{})
+			if errs[0] == nil || failed.Load() != 2 {
+				t.Fatalf("did not partially fail cleanup: %v, failures=%d", errs, failed.Load())
+			}
+			set.getDisks = original
+			if got := bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, version); got != "latest" {
+				t.Fatalf("latest lost after partial cleanup: %q", got)
+			}
+			_, errs = z.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), bucket, objects, ObjectOptions{})
+			if errs[0] != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("recovered retry must combine successful removals and already-absent replies: %v", errs[0])
+			}
+			_, err := z.GetObjectInfo(t.Context(), bucket, object, ObjectOptions{VersionID: version})
+			if !isErrObjectNotFound(err) && !isErrVersionNotFound(err) {
+				t.Errorf("retry retained object: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPoolsBulkDeleteDifferentPrimaries(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, n := range []int{2, 3} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("pools=%d", n), func(t *testing.T) {
+			z, bucket := bulkDeletePools(t, n)
+			objects := make([]ObjectToDelete, n)
+			for primary := range n {
+				object := fmt.Sprintf("key-%d", primary)
+				objects[primary].ObjectName = object
+				putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, (primary+1)%n, "old", ObjectOptions{MTime: UTCNow().Add(-time.Hour)})
+				putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, primary, "latest", ObjectOptions{})
+			}
+			set := z.serverPools[0].getHashedSet(objects[n-1].ObjectName)
+			original := set.getDisks
+			disks := append([]StorageAPI(nil), original()...)
+			var failed, attempted atomic.Int32
+			for i, disk := range disks {
+				disks[i] = bulkDeleteFaultDisk{StorageAPI: disk, bucket: bucket, object: objects[n-1].ObjectName, mode: "eio", fail: true, failed: &failed, attempted: &attempted}
+			}
+			set.getDisks = func() []StorageAPI { return disks }
+			defer func() { set.getDisks = original }()
+			deleted, errs := z.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), bucket, objects, ObjectOptions{})
+			for i := range objects {
+				if deleted[i].ObjectName != objects[i].ObjectName {
+					t.Errorf("wrong result index %d: %+v", i, deleted[i])
+				}
+				if i == n-1 {
+					if errs[i] == nil || bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, objects[i].ObjectName, "") != "latest" {
+						t.Errorf("failed item lost latest: %v", errs[i])
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+				_, err := z.GetObjectInfo(t.Context(), bucket, objects[i].ObjectName, ObjectOptions{})
+				if errs[i] != nil || !isErrObjectNotFound(err) {
+					t.Errorf("healthy item %d: delete=%v GET=%v", i, errs[i], err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPoolsBulkDeleteTieAndUnreadable(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, unreadable := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("unreadable=%t", unreadable), func(t *testing.T) {
+			z, bucket := bulkDeletePools(t, 3)
+			object := "same-time"
+			stamp := UTCNow().Add(-time.Hour)
+			for p := range 3 {
+				putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, p, fmt.Sprintf("pool-%d", p), ObjectOptions{MTime: stamp})
+			}
+			if got := bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, ""); got != "pool-0" {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected read winner: %q", got)
+			}
+			set := z.serverPools[2].getHashedSet(object)
+			original := set.getDisks
+			disks := append([]StorageAPI(nil), original()...)
+			var failed, attempted atomic.Int32
+			for i, disk := range disks {
+				if unreadable {
+					disks[i] = consistencyReadFaultDisk{StorageAPI: disk, bucket: bucket, object: object}
+				} else {
+					disks[i] = bulkDeleteFaultDisk{StorageAPI: disk, bucket: bucket, object: object, mode: "eio", fail: true, failed: &failed, attempted: &attempted}
+				}
+			}
+			set.getDisks = func() []StorageAPI { return disks }
+			defer func() { set.getDisks = original }()
+			_, errs := z.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), bucket, []ObjectToDelete{{ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: object}}}, ObjectOptions{})
+			set.getDisks = original
+			if errs[0] == nil || bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, "") != "pool-0" {
+				t.Errorf("lost tie winner or unreadable-pool error: %v", errs[0])
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type bulkDeletePauseDisk struct {
+	StorageAPI
+	bucket, object string
+	entered        chan<- struct{}
+	release        <-chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (d bulkDeletePauseDisk) DeleteVersions(ctx context.Context, bucket string, versions []FileInfoVersions, opts DeleteOptions) []error {
+	for _, v := range versions {
+		if bucket != d.bucket || v.Name != d.object {
+			continue
+		}
+		select {
+		case d.entered <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-d.release:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+		errs := make([]error, len(versions))
+		for i := range errs {
+			errs[i] = syscall.EIO
+		}
+		return errs
+	}
+	return d.StorageAPI.DeleteVersions(ctx, bucket, versions, opts)
+}
+
+func TestPoolsBulkDeleteLockAndCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, canceled := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("cancel=%t", canceled), func(t *testing.T) {
+			z, bucket := bulkDeletePools(t, 2)
+			object := "locked"
+			putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, 0, "old", ObjectOptions{MTime: UTCNow().Add(-time.Hour)})
+			putConsistencyObject(t, z, bucket, object, 1, "latest", ObjectOptions{})
+			set := z.serverPools[0].getHashedSet(object)
+			original := set.getDisks
+			disks := append([]StorageAPI(nil), original()...)
+			entered, release := make(chan struct{}, 4), make(chan struct{})
+			for i, disk := range disks {
+				disks[i] = bulkDeletePauseDisk{StorageAPI: disk, bucket: bucket, object: object, entered: entered, release: release}
+			}
+			set.getDisks = func() []StorageAPI { return disks }
+			defer func() { set.getDisks = original }()
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+			defer cancel()
+			done := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() {
+				_, errs := z.DeleteObjects(ctx, bucket, []ObjectToDelete{{ObjectV: ObjectV{ObjectName: object}}}, ObjectOptions{})
+				done <- errs[0]
+			}()
+			select {
+			case <-entered:
+			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("old-copy cleanup did not start")
+			}
+			if canceled {
+				cancel()
+				if err := <-done; err == nil {
+					t.Fatal("canceled cleanup succeeded")
+				}
+				set.getDisks = original
+				if got := bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, ""); got != "latest" {
+					t.Errorf("cancellation lost latest: %q", got)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			putDone := make(chan error, 1)
+			reader := mustGetPutObjReader(t, bytes.NewBufferString("after-put"), 9, "", "")
+			go func() {
+				_, err := z.PutObject(t.Context(), bucket, object, reader, ObjectOptions{})
+				putDone <- err
+			}()
+			select {
+			case err := <-putDone:
+				t.Fatalf("PUT passed the held DELETE lock: %v", err)
+			case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+			}
+			close(release)
+			if err := <-done; err == nil {
+				t.Error("cleanup failure was lost")
+			}
+			if err := <-putDone; err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if got := bulkDeleteBody(t, z, bucket, object, ""); got != "after-put" {
+				t.Errorf("concurrent PUT lost: %q", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type bulkDeleteReplyDisk struct {
+	StorageAPI
+	err error
+}
+
+func (d bulkDeleteReplyDisk) IsOnline() bool { return true }
+
+func (d bulkDeleteReplyDisk) DeleteVersions(_ context.Context, _ string, versions []FileInfoVersions, _ DeleteOptions) []error {
+	errs := make([]error, len(versions))
+	for i := range errs {
+		errs[i] = d.err
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
+func TestBulkDeleteQuorumEvidence(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		obj  ObjectToDelete
+		opts ObjectOptions
+		ok   bool
+	}{
+		{name: "unversioned", ok: true},
+		{name: "null", obj: ObjectToDelete{ObjectV: ObjectV{VersionID: nullVersionID}}, ok: true},
+		{name: "uuid", obj: ObjectToDelete{ObjectV: ObjectV{VersionID: mustGetUUID()}}, ok: true},
+		{name: "marker", opts: ObjectOptions{Versioned: true}},
+		{name: "suspended-marker", opts: ObjectOptions{VersionSuspended: true}},
+		{name: "pending-purge", obj: ObjectToDelete{ObjectV: ObjectV{VersionID: mustGetUUID()}, VersionPurgeStatuses: "target=PENDING;"}},
+		{name: "replicated-marker", obj: ObjectToDelete{DeleteMarkerReplicationStatus: "target=PENDING;"}, opts: ObjectOptions{Versioned: true}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			disks := []StorageAPI{
+				bulkDeleteReplyDisk{},
+				bulkDeleteReplyDisk{},
+				bulkDeleteReplyDisk{err: errFileNotFound},
+				bulkDeleteReplyDisk{err: errFileVersionNotFound},
+			}
+			er := erasureObjects{getDisks: func() []StorageAPI { return disks }}
+			tc.obj.ObjectName, tc.opts.NoAuditLog = "object", true
+			_, errs := er.DeleteObjects(t.Context(), "bucket", []ObjectToDelete{tc.obj}, tc.opts)
+			if (errs[0] == nil) != tc.ok {
+				t.Errorf("two writes + two absent replies: error=%v, want success=%t", errs[0], tc.ok)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/erasure-server-pool.go

@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@ func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteObject(ctx context.Context, bucket string, ob
 		return pinfo.ObjInfo, nil
 	}
 
-	// Delete concurrently in all server pools with read quorum error for unversioned objects.
+	// Retire older copies before the newest copy for unversioned objects.
 	if len(noReadQuorumPools) > 0 && !opts.Versioned && !opts.VersionSuspended {
 		return z.deleteObjectFromAllPools(ctx, bucket, object, opts, noReadQuorumPools)
 	}
@@ -1446,17 +1446,16 @@ func poolReadable(pools []poolErrs, idx int) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// copyWithoutDeleteQuorum reports whether a pool whose set cannot take a
-// delete holds a copy of object, or of its versionID when set. Only such sets
-// are read.
+// copyWithoutDeleteQuorum avoids starting a known unwritable cleanup. This
+// reduces partial deletion, but successful cleanup must still precede removing
+// the authoritative copy: drives can fail after this preflight.
 func (z *erasureServerPools) copyWithoutDeleteQuorum(ctx context.Context, bucket, object, versionID string) bool {
 	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
-		if !deleteQuorumMissing(pool, object) {
-			continue
-		}
-		_, err := pool.GetObjectInfo(ctx, bucket, object, ObjectOptions{VersionID: versionID, NoLock: true})
-		if err == nil || isErrReadQuorum(err) || isErrMethodNotAllowed(err) {
-			return true
+		if deleteQuorumMissing(pool, object) {
+			_, err := pool.GetObjectInfo(ctx, bucket, object, ObjectOptions{VersionID: versionID, NoLock: true})
+			if err == nil || isErrReadQuorum(err) || isErrMethodNotAllowed(err) {
+				return true
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return false
@@ -1481,6 +1480,11 @@ func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteObjects(ctx context.Context, bucket string, o
 	objSets := set.NewStringSet()
 	for i := range derrs {
 		objects[i].ObjectName = encodeDirObject(objects[i].ObjectName)
+		dobjects[i] = DeletedObject{
+			ObjectName:       decodeDirObject(objects[i].ObjectName),
+			VersionID:        objects[i].VersionID,
+			ReplicationState: objects[i].ReplicationState(),
+		}
 
 		derrs[i] = checkDelObjArgs(ctx, bucket, objects[i].ObjectName)
 		objSets.Add(objects[i].ObjectName)
@@ -1498,23 +1502,37 @@ func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteObjects(ctx context.Context, bucket string, o
 	ctx = lkctx.Context()
 	defer multiDeleteLock.Unlock(lkctx)
 
-	// Pools delete the batch in parallel, so a pool that cannot take the
-	// delete would keep its copy while another pool removes a newer one.
-	// Leave an object or version untouched in every pool when a set without
-	// delete quorum holds a copy of it.
+	// Removing data needs the same authoritative-copy protection as a single
+	// DELETE. An online-drive preflight cannot protect against later I/O errors.
+	// Keep marker creation after data removal, including when the same request
+	// explicitly removes a null version and creates its replacement marker.
 	batch, batchIdx := objects, []int(nil)
 	if !z.SinglePool() {
 		batch = make([]ObjectToDelete, 0, len(objects))
 		batchIdx = make([]int, 0, len(objects))
+		data, dataIdx := make([]ObjectToDelete, 0, len(objects)), make([]int, 0, len(objects))
 		for i, obj := range objects {
-			if derrs[i] == nil && deletesData(obj, opts) && z.copyWithoutDeleteQuorum(ctx, bucket, obj.ObjectName, obj.VersionID) {
-				dobjects[i] = DeletedObject{ObjectName: obj.ObjectName, VersionID: obj.VersionID}
-				derrs[i] = InsufficientWriteQuorum{}
+			if derrs[i] != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if deletesData(obj, opts) {
+				if z.copyWithoutDeleteQuorum(ctx, bucket, obj.ObjectName, obj.VersionID) {
+					derrs[i] = InsufficientWriteQuorum{}
+					continue
+				}
+				data = append(data, obj)
+				dataIdx = append(dataIdx, i)
 				continue
 			}
 			batch = append(batch, obj)
 			batchIdx = append(batchIdx, i)
 		}
+		if len(data) > 0 {
+			deleted, errs := z.deleteObjectsReconciled(ctx, bucket, data, opts)
+			for j, i := range dataIdx {
+				dobjects[i], derrs[i] = deleted[j], errs[j]
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	dObjectsByPool := make([][]DeletedObject, len(z.serverPools))
@@ -1553,18 +1571,6 @@ func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteObjects(ctx context.Context, bucket string, o
 				derrs[i] = dErrsByPool[pool][j]
 			}
 		}
-		// A delete marker in one pool hides the object, but an object or
-		// version removed from one pool is still served from a pool that
-		// failed to remove its copy.
-		if deletesData(batch[j], opts) {
-			for pool := range z.serverPools {
-				if err := dErrsByPool[pool][j]; err != nil {
-					dobjects[i] = dObjectsByPool[pool][j]
-					derrs[i] = err
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
 	for i := range dobjects {